On the reconstruction of palaeo-ice sheets: Recent advances and future challenges

Stokes, Chris R.; Tarasov, Lev; Blomdin, Robin; Cronin, Thomas M.; Fisher, Timothy G.; Gyllencreutz, Richard; Hättestrand, Clas; Heyman, Jakob; Hindmarsh, Richard C. A.; Hughes, Anna L.C.; Jakobsson, Martin; Kirchner, Nina; Livingstone, Stephen J.; Margold, Martin; Murton, Julian B.; Noormets, Riko; Peltier, W. R.; Peteet, D. M.; Piper, David J. W.; Preusser, Frank; Renssen, H.; Roberts, David H.; Roche, Didier M.; Saint‐Ange, Francky; Stroeven, Arjen P.; Teller, James T.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.07.016

Cited by 148 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 390 publications

(524 reference statements)

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“…1 help to constrain the maximum PGM ice-sheet area, but are not indicative of ice-sheet thickness (i.e., topography, volume). Instead, model inversion techniques with varying assumptions and input datasets (e.g., Peltier, 2004;Lambeck et al, 2006;Abe-Ouchi et al, 2015) are needed to provide dynamic ice histories with volume, extent, and topographic constraints (see Stokes et al, 2015 for an overview on modelling past ice sheets). Ice-sheet extent, form, and thickness result from interactions between glaciological and climatological factors on local, regional, and global scales.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Pgm Ice-sheet Extents Mapping and Datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences between the last two glacial maxima and implications for ice-sheet, δ18O, and sea-level reconstructions

Rohling

Hibbert

Williams

et al. 2017

Quaternary Science Reviews

115

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Arctic ice shelf Last Interglacial Glacioisostatic adjustment a b s t r a c t Studies of past glacial cycles yield critical information about climate and sea-level (ice-volume) variability, including the sensitivity of climate to radiative change, and impacts of crustal rebound on sealevel reconstructions for past interglacials. Here we identify significant differences between the last and penultimate glacial maxima (LGM and PGM) in terms of global volume and distribution of land ice, despite similar temperatures and radiative forcing. Our analysis challenges conventional views of relationships between global ice volume, sea level, seawater oxygen isotope values, and deep-sea temperature, and supports the potential presence of large floating Arctic ice shelves during the PGM. The existence of different glacial 'modes' calls for focussed research on the complex processes behind ice-age development. We present a glacioisostatic assessment to demonstrate how a different PGM ice-sheet configuration might affect sea-level estimates for the last interglacial. Results suggest that this may alter existing last interglacial sea-level estimates, which often use an LGM-like ice configuration, by several metres (likely upward).

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Section: Synthesis Of Pgm Ice-sheet Extents Mapping and Datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences between the last two glacial maxima and implications for ice-sheet, δ18O, and sea-level reconstructions

Rohling

Hibbert

Williams

et al. 2017

Quaternary Science Reviews

115

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show abstract

“…Flow conditions (patterns, velocities, stresses) obtained from geomorphic ice surface reconstruction (e.g., Benz-Meier, 2003;Dürst Stucki and Schlunegger, 2013) should abide by the fundamental principles of glacier dynamics (Tarasov et al, 2012;Stokes et al, 2015). For example surface flow directions should follow major ice drainages and computed vertical surface 5 velocity from reconstructed ice surface should match mass balance conditions imposed by the LGM climate (e.g., Haeberli, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical reconstructions of the flow and basal conditions of the Rhine glacier, European Central Alps, at the Last Glacial Maximum

Cohen¹,

Gillet-Chaulet²,

Haeberli³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. At the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the Rhine glacier in the Swiss Alps covered an area of about 16,000 km 2 .As part of an integrative study about the safety of repositories for radioactive waste under ice age conditions in Switzerland, we modeled the Rhine glacier using a fully-coupled, three-dimensional, transient, thermo-mechanical Stokes flow model down to a horizontal resolution of about 500 m. The accumulation and ablation gradients that roughly reproduced the geomorphic reconstructions of glacial extent and ice thickness suggested extremely cold (T July ∼ 0 • C at the glacier terminus) and dry (∼ 10 5 to 20% of today's precipitation) climatic conditions. Forcing the numerical simulations with warmer and wetter conditions that better matched LGM climate proxy records yielded a glacier on average 500 to 700 m thicker than geomorphic reconstructions.Mass balance gradients also controlled ice velocities, fluxes, and sliding speeds. These gradients, however, had only a small effect on basal conditions. All simulations indicated that basal ice reached the pressure melting point over much of the Rhine and Linth piedmont lobes, and also in the glacial valleys that fed these lobes. Only the outer margin of the lobes, bedrock highs ). In the lobes, despite low surface slopes and low basal shear stresses, sliding dictated main fluxes of ice which closely followed bedrock topography: ice was channeled in between bedrock highs along troughs, some of which coincided with glacially eroded overdeepenings. These sliding conditions may have favored glacial erosion by abrasion and quarrying. 20Our results confirmed general earlier findings but provided more insights into the detailed flow and basal conditions of the Rhine glacier at the LGM. Our model results suggested that the trimline could have been buried by a significant thickness of cold ice. These findings have significant implications for interpreting trimlines in the Alps and for our understanding of ice-climate interactions.

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“…Although geophysical models attempt to invert isostatic rebound patterns into ice sheet thickness reconstructions, they exhibit considerable disagreement (Clark and Tarasov, 2014;Peltier et al, 2015). Similarly, numerical models attempt to simulate past ice sheet evolution in response to climate change (e.g., Abe-Ouchi et al, 2013;Gregoire et al, 2012), but they are subject to a wide variety of uncertainties such as the climate forcing and ice-sheet dynamics (Stokes et al, 2015). All such models ultimately require ground-truthing -but stronger geologic constraints are needed to advance this data-model dialogue, as highlighted by a recent community-wide workshop (Whitehouse and Tarasov, 2014).…”

Section: The Problem and Our Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultimately, one of the central goals of Earth science is to accurately model the Earth system, and this enterprise hinges crucially on ground truthing models (Stokes et al, 2015). While several models of ice-sheet retreat exist, based on either isostatic inversion techniques or glaciological modeling, the models are still poorly constrained by geologic data and exhibit substantial differences, such as estimates of the LIS contribution to MWP-1A (Fig.…”

Section: ) How Well Do Ice Sheet Models Simulate Lis Deglaciation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) The timing and rate of ice sheet thinning sheds light on how ice sheets responded to the overall global warming and abrupt climate changes of the last deglaciation (Gregoire et al, 2012). (4) Ice thickness reconstructions can help validate numerical ice sheet models, which are important for understanding the processes of deglaciation as well as improving projections of ice sheet responses to future global warming (Stokes et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Applying the Cosmogenic Nuclide Dipstick Model for Deglaciation of Mt. Washington

Davis¹,

Koester²,

Shakun³

et al. 2017

New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference 2017

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On the reconstruction of palaeo-ice sheets: Recent advances and future challenges

Cited by 148 publications

References 390 publications

Differences between the last two glacial maxima and implications for ice-sheet, δ18O, and sea-level reconstructions

Differences between the last two glacial maxima and implications for ice-sheet, δ18O, and sea-level reconstructions

Numerical reconstructions of the flow and basal conditions of the Rhine glacier, European Central Alps, at the Last Glacial Maximum

Applying the Cosmogenic Nuclide Dipstick Model for Deglaciation of Mt. Washington

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