The Lack of Consistency for Statistical Decision Procedures

Haunsperger, Deanna; Saari, Donald G.

doi:10.1080/00031305.1991.10475814

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The impossible theorem of Arrow points to the risks of naïve multi-function decision-making procedures involving many engineering design methods. Haunsperger and Saari (1991) based on Arrow's results have given countless paradoxical examples showing how naive techniques of helping decisions are failing.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Competency Skills of Bus Vehicle Body Builders and Crashworthiness of School Bus in Nairobi County, Kenya

M¹,

Okemwa²

2019

theijst

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Relationship between Competency Skills of Bus Vehicle Body Builders and Crashworthiness of School Bus in Nairobi County, Kenya 1. Introduction In fact, the first systemic and scientific investigation of this subject was applied between 1879 t to the train axles, and the first was to be applied to railway axles. The crashworthiness is an engineer's term used to define the ability of the structural vehicle to protect its occupants during impact (Jones, 2003). In other words, collision resistance improves the structure's crash efficiency by sacrificing it under influence to prevent accidents for its occupants (Jones 2003). One of the primary variables contributing to worldwide road crash injuries is the growing amount of motor cars. A great deal has been achieved about exposure and development to risk but not sufficient to alleviate the threat. Roof Crush Resistance has created a minimum roof-resistance requirement in the US for "reducing fatalities and accidents owing to crushing roof into occupancy during over-the-counter accidents" (the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 216. This experiment involves pushing a rigid platform at steady velocity on one side of the ceiling. The test was conducted in 1973 and stayed fundamentally unchanged until 2009 (National Highway Traffic Safety Administrator, 2012) when an updated rule was announced. There is an important connection between roof force and injury risk in rollover accidents (Brumbelow, Teoh, Zuby, & McCartt, 2009). In recent years studies on crash resilience and vehicle security have attracted attention with an emphasis on passenger vehicle security inquiry (Prochowski et al. 2011, al-Thairy and Wang 2014). However, the amount of road fatalities in 88 nations has decreased to 1.24 million annually-but the complete amount of road fatalities continues unacceptable elevated. The worldwide general fatality rate for highway traffic is 18 per 100,000 people. The largest annual death tolls in middle-income nations are 20.1 per 100 000, with the lower to 8.7 per 100 000 for high-income countries (World Health Organization, 2013). Bus transit is considered the safest way of transportation for medium and long distances. Nonetheless, with car numbers, the number of bus accidents and victims has risen. The most hazardous bus crash scenarios are known as rolling crashes (Matloscy, 2007). Even as a rare case, only 4-5% of all bus crashes are reversed, almost 50% of all severe and fatal injuries are caused (Gepner, 2014; Martinez et al., 2013). It is not easy to access statistical data on cutting bus accidents. Road safety, killed more than 1,2 million people every year (WHO 2004), is a significant issue globally. While only 0,4% of the overall amount of crashes with college busses (SB) have happened in Alberta during the last century. With

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Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Competency Skills of Bus Vehicle Body Builders and Crashworthiness of School Bus in Nairobi County, Kenya

M¹,

Okemwa²

2019

theijst

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“…Yet we know that in a fair deck no association exists in the deck as a whole. This example is derived with minor modifications from Haunsperger and Saari (1991). It can also be found in Haunsperger (2003).…”

Section: Notes 193mentioning

confidence: 99%

Models of Political Economy

Nurmi¹

2006

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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business For my mother Contents List of Figures xi List of Tables xiii Preface xv Notes Bibliography Name Index Subject Index List of Figures 2.1 Easton's political system view 4.1 The preference reversal experiment 4.2 Valuation of gains and losses according to prospect theory 4.3 Compromise effect 4.4 Asymmetric domination 5.1 UN game in extensive form 5.2 Reduced UN game in extensive form 5.3 Chicken game in extensive form 5.4 Chain store game in extensive form 6.1 Two-person bargaining 6.2 Is independence plausible? 6.3 The Kalai-Smorodinsky solution 7.1 The successive agenda 7.2 The SEs of department X chair agenda 8.1 External and decision-making cost functions xvi Preface role was played by Tommi Meskanen, who not only checked the more technical parts of the text but also devised the algorithms for computations reported in section 6.4. My research associates Juha Helin, Elina Kestilä and Maria Suojanen have carefully read the manuscript and suggested several improvements. Some parts of the manuscript were also commented upon by Antti Pajala. I am also grateful to Rob Langham and Terry Clague of Routledge for encouragement and support. The work on this project was made possible by my former and present employer, University of Turku and Academy of Finland, respectively.

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“…Particularly, they are very well known in economics and econometrics in data pooling over individuals and over commodities, in contradiction between micro-and macro-economics relations (Tinbergen, 1951;Theil, 1954;Allen, 1960), in welfare economics and social preferences (Samuelson, 1947;Arrow, 1951). Such problems are also related to ballot and election paradoxes of Borda (1781), Condorset (1785), Ostrogorski (see Bezembinder and Van Acker, 1985), paradoxes of choice, voting and multiple criteria decisions (Haunsperger and Saari, 1991;Saari, 1995;Galam, 1990;Szekely, 1987;Lipovetsky, 1996;Case, 2000;Taylor, 2002;Minor, 2003), measurement paradoxes of inconsistency between the averaged relation of some variables and the relation between their averaged values (for instance, impossibility of an averaged individual) by Quetelet (1835), Cournot (1843) and Guilbaud (1966) and paradoxes in judicial decisions (Deming and Singpurwalla, 1989;Bar Niv and Lipovetsky, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%