The Kleine‐Levin syndrome

First Attack of Kleine-Levin Syndrome Triggered by Influenza B Mimicking Influenza-associated Encephalopathy

“…About one-quarter of patients with KLS experience a precipitating flu-like fever before the onset and reoccurrence of the hypersomnia attack (2). A strong relationship between an upper respiratory infection and the first attack of KLS has recently been reported (3), although identification of the infectious agents has been very rare (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). The clinical profiles of 5 patients who were reported to have KLS that was triggered by identified infectious agents are summarized in Table 1.…”

“…Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a disorder that is classified as a subtype of recurrent hypersomnia and that presents with recurrent hypersomnia plus binge eating, hypersexuality, cognitive disturbances, and/or odd behavior (1,2). Various infections often precede the onset and reoccurrence of KLS (2,3), although the infectious agents have rarely been identified (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Patients with KLS often present with cognitive disturbances, mood disorders, and irritability (1,2), and, thus, they are sometimes misdiagnosed as psychiatric disorders or encephalopathy (9).…”

THE KLEINE‐LEVIN SYNDROME Report of a case and discussion

“…The EEG is generally normal or at the most it shows only non-specific abnormality of the sleep pattern. Air encephalograms only rarely yield any observations of note; according to Critchley (1962) andGarland et al (1965) this has shown enlargement of one of the lateral ventricles in 3 cases but nothing else. In the case later described by Haberland & Weissman (1968) pneumoencephalogram revealed a slightly dilated left lateral ventricle.…”

Kleine–Levin Syndrome: History and Brief Review

“…Many authors [1, 11] conclude that the physiopathology is unclear. In their 1942 paper, Critchley and Hoffman [4] suggested an infectious or inflammatory aetiology and there are several reports of a mild infective illness preceding attacks in up to 50% of cases.…”