The Key Lnc (RNA)s in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Development, Regeneration, and Disease

Abstract

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a key role in the regulation of transcriptional and epigenetic activity in mammalian cells. Comprehensive analysis of these ncRNAs has revealed sophisticated gene regulatory mechanisms which finely tune the proper gene output required for cellular homeostasis, proliferation, and differentiation. However, this elaborate circuitry has also made it vulnerable to perturbations that often result in disease. Among the many types of ncRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) appear to have the most diverse mechanisms of action including competitive binding to miRNA targets, direct binding to mRNA, interactions with transcription factors, and facilitation of epigenetic modifications. Moreover, many lncRNAs display tissue-specific expression patterns suggesting an important regulatory role in organogenesis, yet the molecular mechanisms through which these molecules regulate cardiac and skeletal muscle development remains surprisingly limited. Given the structural and metabolic similarities of cardiac and skeletal muscle, it is likely that several lncRNAs expressed in both of these tissues have conserved functions in establishing the striated muscle phenotype. As many aspects of regeneration recapitulate development, understanding the role lncRNAs play in these processes may provide novel insights to improve regenerative therapeutic interventions in cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases. This review highlights key lncRNAs that function as regulators of development, regeneration, and disease in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Finally, we highlight lncRNAs encoded by imprinted genes in striated muscle and the contributions of these loci on the regulation of gene expression.

Regulations of LINC0196/miR-584-5p/miR-34a-5p/TRIM59 on progression of pediatric neuroblastoma

“…Neuroblastoma has serious adverse effects on children and their families, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. In recent years, some experts have proposed that lncR-NAs and miRNAs play important roles in tumorigenesis (16,17). Clinical studies have also found that lncRNA can regulate mRNA expression by adsorbing miRNA, thereby regulating the development of tumor diseases (18).…”

Non-Coding RNAs as Regulators of Myogenesis and Postexercise Muscle Regeneration

“…Due to an enormous and fast-growing amount of available data, we describe only selected information and examples of ncRNAs involved in myogenesis. For further information, see [38][39][40][41].…”

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Profile of Long Non-Coding RNAs during Myogenic Differentiation in Goats

“…The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a length greater than 200 nucleotides. In recent years, increasing evidence indicates that lncRNAs play an essential role in the growth and development of skeletal muscle cells in animals, thereby regulating muscle activity [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. For example, lncRNA lnc-mg plays a key role in promoting myogenesis by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for microRNA-125b, thus controlling the amount of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) protein [ 9 ].…”