The isothermal sintering of the single-phase non-stoichiometric niobium carbide (NbC1−x) and tantalum carbide (TaC1−x)

Gubernat, Agnieszka; Zych, Łukasz

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.04.017

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A few researchers have reported the detrimental effect of oxygen impurities on the sintering behavior of TaC, despite the fact that incomplete reduction of the oxygen impurity can reduce the activation energy for sintering, albeit without establishing the mechanism or describing the complete evolution of the oxygen impurity [28,32,81,82]. We propose that the residual vapor pressure generated by eliminating the oxide phase is responsible for obtaining the limited density and is facilitated by melting of tantalum oxide and increased c sl with increasing temperature.…”

Section: Type I Pore Formationmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Mechanisms of pore formation in high-temperature carbides: Case study of TaC prepared by spark plasma sintering

Kelly

Graeve

2015

Acta Materialia

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Section: Type I Pore Formationmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Pores are a dominant type of flaw in TaC 1Àx , a consequence of the difficulty in producing dense samples [6,7,22,25,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Grain growth during sintering is often cited as the cause for trapped porosity in the microstructure of TaC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of pore formation in high-temperature carbides: Case study of TaC prepared by spark plasma sintering

Kelly

Graeve

2015

Acta Materialia

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“…In a recent work, it was verified that the addition of niobium carbide in the process of high energy milling of chips of the machining process increases the efficiency of the milling process, with a greater decrease of the size of the particles, obtaining nanometric particles 9,10 . The carbides have attracted interest because of their exceptional mechanical, physical and chemical properties, such as high temperature stability, high hardness, and good electrical and thermal conductivity 11,12 . The niobium carbide presents a high hardness and toughness, elevated Young's modulus and a high melting point, above 3000°C 12,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Magnetic Properties of Duplex Stainless steel (UNS S31803) Powders Obtained by high Energy Milling of Chips with Additions of NbC

Mendonça

Oliveira

et al. 2017

Mat. Res.

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In this study, the high energy mechanical milling was utilized to the production of duplex stainless steel powders from the recycling chips with and without the addition niobium carbide. The effect of milling time and addition carbide on the morphology, particle size and magnetic properties of the powders was investigated. The utilization of the powder metallurgy constitute an important alternative for the reuse of waste in the industrial sector. The milling was realized using a planetary ball mill for 20 hours at a milling speed of 350 rpm and ball-to-powder weight ratio of 15:1were used, and the (0% and 3 wt. %) niobium carbide (NbC) addition. Scanning electron microscopy and particle distribution analysis were used for characterization of morphology and measure of particle size. Also, to analyze the transformations of phases were investigated using the magnetic characterization and x-ray diffraction. The results indicated that the addition of niobium carbide results in the reduction of the particle size of steel of the order of 20%, besides the reduces the transformation of austenite into strain induced martensitic phase.

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“…Duplex stainless-steels are steels in which the microstructure consists of two main phases: austenite (y-FCC) and ferrite (α-BCC) in equal proportions, which can combine the good properties of the ferritic and austenitic phases [3][4][5][6]. conductivity [34,35]. The addition of these carbides has also been shown to improve the efficiency of the milling process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method to Recycle Stainless–Steel Duplex UNS S31803 Chips

Claudiney

Oliveira

Sachs

et al. 2018

Metals

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Due to the increased consumption of raw materials, energy, and the waste it generates, recycling has become very important and fundamental for the environment and the industrial sector. The production of duplex stainless-steel powders with the addition of vanadium carbide in the high energy mechanical milling process is a new method for recycling materials for the manufacture of components in the industrial sector. This study aims to reuse the chips from the duplex stainless-steel UNS S31803 by powder metallurgy with the addition of Vanadium carbide (VC). The mechanical milling was performed using a planetary ball mill for 50 h at a milling speed of 350 rpm and a ball-to-powder weight ratio of 20:1, and the addition of 3 wt % of VC. The material submitted to milling with an addition of carbide has a particle size of less than 140 µm. After milling, the sample went through a stress relief treatment performed at 1050 • C for 1 h and the isostatic compaction process loaded with 300 MPa. The sintered powders and material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and micro-hardness tests. The milling process with an addition of 3% VC produced a particle size smaller than the initial chip size. The measurement of micrometric sizes obtained was between 26 and 132 µm. The sintered material had a measurement of porosity evaluated at 15%. The obtained density of the material was 84% compared to the initial density of the material as stainless-steel duplex UNS S31803. The value of the microhardness measurement was 232 HV. The material submitted for grinding presented the formation of a martensitic structure and after the thermal treatment, the presence of ferrite and austenite phases was observed. Thus, in conclusion, this study demonstrates the efficacy in the production of a metal-ceramic composite using a new method to recycle stainless-steel duplex UNS S31803 chips.

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The isothermal sintering of the single-phase non-stoichiometric niobium carbide (NbC1−x) and tantalum carbide (TaC1−x)

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Mechanisms of pore formation in high-temperature carbides: Case study of TaC prepared by spark plasma sintering

Mechanisms of pore formation in high-temperature carbides: Case study of TaC prepared by spark plasma sintering

Structural and Magnetic Properties of Duplex Stainless steel (UNS S31803) Powders Obtained by high Energy Milling of Chips with Additions of NbC

A New Method to Recycle Stainless–Steel Duplex UNS S31803 Chips

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