In this study, the high energy mechanical milling was utilized to the production of duplex stainless steel powders from the recycling chips with and without the addition niobium carbide. The effect of milling time and addition carbide on the morphology, particle size and magnetic properties of the powders was investigated. The utilization of the powder metallurgy constitute an important alternative for the reuse of waste in the industrial sector. The milling was realized using a planetary ball mill for 20 hours at a milling speed of 350 rpm and ball-to-powder weight ratio of 15:1were used, and the (0% and 3 wt. %) niobium carbide (NbC) addition. Scanning electron microscopy and particle distribution analysis were used for characterization of morphology and measure of particle size. Also, to analyze the transformations of phases were investigated using the magnetic characterization and x-ray diffraction. The results indicated that the addition of niobium carbide results in the reduction of the particle size of steel of the order of 20%, besides the reduces the transformation of austenite into strain induced martensitic phase.

Introduction: Emotion regulation refers to use of strategies to change or suppress a response to an affective experience and is an important component of an individual's subjective wellbeing. Difficulties properly regulating emotions are related to psychopathological processes. Objective: This study assessed the factor structure of the Brazilian version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ); the invariance of its psychometric parameters as a function of gender; and its convergent validity with other scales measuring affective processes. Method: A total of 813 adults (73.7% women), aged between 18 and 64 years and with a high educational level used an electronic platform to complete the ERQ, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Affect Scale (AS), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the adapted version of the ERQ were investigated. Results: Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) revealed adequate goodness of fit for the ERQ's two-factor model (cognitive reappraisal and emotional suppression), providing evidence of invariance of its psychometric parameters as a function of gender. Correlations between the ERQ's factors and measures of affect and emotional dysregulation presented positive indicators, with significant associations between emotion regulation and affective experiences depending on gender. Conclusion:The ERQ presents good psychometric indicators for use with the Brazilian population.

The 316L stainless steel (316L SS) is one of the most used metallic materials for implants, due to its high mechanical properties and low cost. However, it is bioinert. One possibility to improve its biocompatibility is the production of a composite with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) addition. This study investigated the mechanical behavior of 316L SS/β-TCP composites through powder metallurgy. For this, used were 3 compositions, with 0 %, 5 % and 20 % of β-TCP. The compositions with 5% and 20% were milled during 10 hours with a mass/sphere ratio of 1:10 and 350 rpm. All compositions were uniaxially pressed with 619 MPa and sintered during 1 hour at 1100°C. The microstructural and mechanical evaluations were performed through scanning electron microscopy, density and compressive strength. The results indicated that, by increasing the percentage of β-TCP in the compositions, the mechanical resistance decreases, as a consequence of its low load support.

Stainless steel components produced by powder metallurgy constitute an important and growing segment of the industry. The high energy ball milling process can be an alternative for the recycling of the stainless steel chips. A major advantage of stainless steel is its ability to be recyclable. The reuse of recyclable materials has as main objectives to minimize the environmental impacts and to rationalize the use of the energy chains. This work aims at the production of stainless steel, starting from machining chips pure, and with the addition of vanadium carbides by high energy planetary milling with ball to powder weight ratio 20:1, and mill speed of 350 rpm milled in argon atmosphere for 50h. The compaction of stainless steel samples with vanadium carbide was made in a cylindrical matrix at a pressure of 700 Mpa. The sintering process was performed in a vacuum atmosphere furnace at a temperature of 1200 ° C for 1h. Through the milling process with the addition of carbide it was possible to produce stainless steel powder with a mean particle size of 49 μm. By X-ray diffraction was observed the appearance of the ferritic, austenitic phase and the martensitic phase induced by deformation phase that remained even after the sintering. The density of the sintered material is around 77% of the melt, and the obtained porosity was low.

RESUMOOs aços inoxidáveis duplex são aqueles que possuem uma microestrutura constituída por duas fases distintas, ferrita (α) ferromagnética e austenita (γ) paramagnética, presentes em quantidades aproximadamente iguais. Neste trabalho, a microestrutura do aço duplex UNS S31803 foi modificada através de tratamento térmico (TT) de solubilização à temperatura de 1050°C por 30 minutos, seguido de resfriamento em água. Em seguida, as amostras foram envelhecidas por 5, 15, 30, 60 e 180 minutos, à temperatura de 850°C. Este tratamento promoveu a formação de uma fase deletéria, a fase sigma, que se forma através da decomposição da ferrita, rica nos elementos Cr e Mo, que são formadores desta fase. A formação desta fase altera as propriedades mecânicas e químicas (resistência à corrosão) dos aços duplex e superduplex. As propriedades magnéticas e mecânicas foram avaliadas em cada uma das condições estudadas e correlacionadas com a microestrutura. As propriedades magnéticas das amostras foram obtidas em um Magnetômetro de Amostra Vibrante (MAV), no qual se fez o levantamento da curva de histerese deste material. As propriedades mecânicas das amostras foram caracterizadas por microdureza Vickers empregando-se uma carga de 0,2 kgf. A caracterização microestrutural foi realizada utilizando um microscópio óptico. Com o aumento do tempo de tratamento térmico de envelhecimento, ocorreu o aumento do percentual de fase sigma formada, e diminuição da fase ferrita. Devido a essa transformação, houve alteração das propriedades magnéticas do aço duplex. A fase ferrítica foi calculada através de dois métodos: ferritoscópia e medição da magnetização de saturação; em ambos os casos foi observada a diminuição da fase ferromagnética.Palavras-chave: solubilização, envelhecimento, fase sigma, propriedades magnéticas e mecânicas. ABSTRACTDuplex stainless steels are those that have a microstructure constituted by two phases, ferromagnetic ferrite (α) and paramagnetic austenite (γ), which are present in approximately equal volumetric fraction. In this work, the microstructure of duplex steel UNS S31803 was modified by a thermal solubility treatment at temperature of 1050 °C for 30 minutes, followed by water cooling. Next, specimens were aged for 5, 15, 30, 60 and 180 minutes at temperature of 850°C. This treatment promoted the formation of a deleterious phase, the sigma phase, which is formed by the decomposition of ferrite, rich in the elements Cr and Mo. The formation of this phase changes the mechanical and chemical properties of the duplex and super duplex steels. The magnetic and mechanical properties were evaluated in each of the conditions mentioned and a