The Invisible Flood: The Chemistry, Ecology, and Social Implications of Coastal Saltwater Intrusion

Tully, Kate; Gedan, Keryn B.; Epanchin‐Niell, Rebecca S.; Strong, Aaron; Bernhardt, Emily S.; BenDor, Todd K.; Mitchell, Molly; Kominoski, John S.; Jordan, Thomas E.; Neubauer, Scott C.; Weston, Nathaniel B.

doi:10.1093/biosci/biz027

Cited by 195 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…With sea-level rise, saltwater is shifting landward into regions that previously have not experienced or adapted to salinity (Tully et al 2019). Surface and near-surface drinking water in low-lying coastal areas, such as the mega-deltas in Vietnam and Bangladesh−India, are most vulnerable to saltwater intrusion, where more than 25 million people are at risk of drinking 'saline' water (Hoque et al 2016).…”

Section: Saltwater Intrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and aquaculture: considering biological response and resources

Reid¹,

Gurney-Smith²,

Dj³

et al. 2019

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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The heavy reliance of most global aquaculture on the ambient environment suggests inherent vulnerability to climate change effects. This review explores the potential effects of climate change stressors on aquaculture biology and resources needed to support decision-making for vulnerability assessment, planned adaptation, and strategic research development. Climate change-mediated physiochemical outcomes important to aquaculture include extreme weather, precipitation and surge-based flooding, water stress, ocean acidification, sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion, and changes to temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Culture practices, environment, and region affect stressor exposure, and biological response between species or populations are not universal. Response to a climate change stressor will be a function of where changes occur relative to optimal ranges and tolerance limits of an organism's life stage and physiological processes; the average magnitude of the stressor over the production cycle; stressor rate of change; variation, frequency, duration, and magnitude of extremes; epigenetic expression, genetic strain, and variation within and between populations; health and nutrition; and simultaneous stressor occurrence. The effects of simultaneous stressors will frequently interact, but may not be fully additive or synergistic. Disease is a major aquaculture limiter, and climate change is expected to further affect plant and animal health through the host and/or infectious agents. Climate change may introduce further complexity to the aquaculture−wild fishery relationship, with over two-thirds of animal aquaculture production dependent on external feed inputs. Higher production costs could be an economic outcome of climate change for many aquaculture sectors. Some aquaculture practices may inadvertently reduce resiliency to climate change, such as a reduction of coastal vegetation, coastal ground-water pumping, and reduction of population variability in pursuit of consistent production traits. Information from the largest aquaculture producers such as China and the top 3 global culture species is still sparse in the literature. This potentially limits thorough understanding of climate change effects on some regional aquaculture sectors.

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Section: Saltwater Intrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and aquaculture: considering biological response and resources

Reid¹,

Gurney-Smith²,

Dj³

et al. 2019

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In low‐lying coastal areas of the Chesapeake Bay, there is growing concern that climate‐change‐induced sea level rise could render agricultural soils in these regions more vulnerable to P loss due to saltwater intrusion. While the risk of enhanced P mobilization with increased salinity is well understood (Jordan et al, 2008; Hartzell and Jordan, 2012; Upreti et al, 2015), the potential for saltwater intrusion to enhance legacy P losses from agriculture is receiving increasing attention (Tully et al, 2019a, b). Indeed, a recent study on Maryland's Lower Eastern Shore found increasing soil P concentrations along saltwater intrusion gradients in several farm fields (Tully et al, 2019b), while a laboratory study using coastal wetland soils from Florida showed enhanced P losses with increased salinization (Steinmuller and Chambers, 2018).…”

Section: Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus and the Chesapeake Bay: Lingering Issues and Emerging Concerns for Agriculture

Kleinman

Fanelli

Hirsch³

et al. 2019

J of Env Quality

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Hennig Brandt's discovery of phosphorus (P) occurred during the early European colonization of the Chesapeake Bay region. Today, P, an essential nutrient on land and water alike, is one of the principal threats to the health of the bay. Despite widespread implementation of best management practices across the Chesapeake Bay watershed following the implementation in 2010 of a total maximum daily load (TMDL) to improve the health of the bay, P load reductions across the bay's 166,000‐km2 watershed have been uneven, and dissolved P loads have increased in a number of the bay's tributaries. As the midpoint of the 15‐yr TMDL process has now passed, some of the more stubborn sources of P must now be tackled. For nonpoint agricultural sources, strategies that not only address particulate P but also mitigate dissolved P losses are essential. Lingering concerns include legacy P stored in soils and reservoir sediments, mitigation of P in artificial drainage and stormwater from hotspots and converted farmland, manure management and animal heavy use areas, and critical source areas of P in agricultural landscapes. While opportunities exist to curtail transport of all forms of P, greater attention is required toward adapting P management to new hydrologic regimes and transport pathways imposed by climate change. Core Ideas At the midpoint of the Chesapeake TMDL, dissolved P is increasing in some tributaries. Lingering concerns include legacy P, artificial drainage, animal heavy use areas. Extreme events represent an acute risk to water quality.

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“…Sea-level rise has the potential to affect coastal aquaculture operations through loss of culture area (Hargreaves 2014), greater and more distant salt intrusion into coastal groundwater (Ahmed 2013, Nguyen et al 2014, Smajgl et al 2015, Tully et al 2019, and, in some areas, the augmentation of seasonal or episodic flooding via storm surges (Wassmann et al 2004, Rhein et al 2013. Global mean sea level rose 1.2 ± 0.2 mm yr −1 between 1901 and 1990, with this rate increasing to 3.0 ± 0.7 mm yr −1 between 1993 and 2010 (Hay et al 2015).…”

Section: Sea-level Risementioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and aquaculture: considering adaptation potential

Reid¹,

Gurney-Smith²,

Flaherty³

et al. 2019

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Increases in global population and seafood demand are occurring simultaneously with fisheries decline in an era of rapid climate change. Aquaculture is well positioned to help meet the world's future seafood needs, but heavy reliance of most global aquaculture on the ambient environment and ecosystem services suggests inherent vulnerability to climate change effects. There are, however, opportunities for adaptation. Engineering and management solutions can reduce exposure to stressors or mitigate stressors through environmental control. Epigenetic adaptation may have the potential to improve stressor tolerance through parental or early life stage exposure. Stressor-resistant traits can be genetically selected for, and maintaining adequate population variability can improve resilience and overall fitness. Information at appropriate time scales is crucial for adaptive response, such as real-time data on stressor levels and/or species' responses, early warning of deleterious events, or prediction of longer-term change. Diet quality and quantity have the potential to meet increasing energetic and nutritional demands associated with mitigating the effects of abiotic and biotic climate change stressors. Research advancements in understanding how climate change affects aquaculture will benefit most from a combination of empirical studies, modelling approaches, and observations at the farm level. Research to support aquaculture adaptation requires an increasing amount of environmental data to guide biological response studies for regional applications. Increased experimental complexity, resources, and duration will be necessary to better understand the effects of multiple stressors. Ultimately, in order for aquaculture sectors to move beyond short-term coping responses, governance initiatives incorporating the changing needs of stakeholders, users, and culture ecosystems as a whole are required to facilitate planned climate change adaptation and mitigation.

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The Invisible Flood: The Chemistry, Ecology, and Social Implications of Coastal Saltwater Intrusion

Cited by 195 publications

References 69 publications

Climate change and aquaculture: considering biological response and resources

Climate change and aquaculture: considering biological response and resources

Phosphorus and the Chesapeake Bay: Lingering Issues and Emerging Concerns for Agriculture

Climate change and aquaculture: considering adaptation potential

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