The Interactions and Release Kinetics of Sodium Hyaluronate Implemented in Nonionic and Anionic Polymeric Hydrogels, Studied by Immunoenzymatic ELISA Test

Abstract

Hyaluronan is a natural polymer that was introduced to wound therapy. Formulations based on synthetic polymers such as methylcellulose (MC) and polyacrylic acid (PA) containing hyaluronan (HA) were proposed for the development of prospective wound-healing preparations. The formulations of different carrier concentrations containing a fixed amount of HA were prepared, and their viscosity was measured. The HA release was evaluated by employing the apparatus paddle over a disc. The hydrogels were introduced to the donor chamber, and HA was released to the pH = 7.4 buffer. The amount of HA released was obtained using the ELISA test. The release was analyzed on the basis of different kinetic models: zero-, first-, and second-order kinetics, as well as Higuchi and Korsmeyer–Peppas equations. The release rate constants and the half release time were calculated from these equations. According to the value of the coefficient of the determination, the best model describing the observed process was selected. The comparison between the dissolution profiles was carried out by calculating the difference factor f1 and the similarity factor f2. The interaction between the hydrogel components was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The study revealed that the zero-order equation best described the release of HA from the formulations studied. The FTIR research and the DSC study showed the intermolecular interaction between HA chains in MC-based compositions, as well as between HA and the synthetic polymer in the PA-based formulations. The study revealed that the formulation with a higher concentration of synthetic polymer may prolong the release of HA. The obtained results indicated that the proposed hydrogels have potential for wound healing and may accelerate skin regeneration.

Influence of HA on Release Process of Anionic and Cationic API Incorporated into Hydrophilic Gel

“…Obviously, the concentration of the carrier influenced the drug release. It was consistent with the results presented in our previous work [ 41 ] as well as with the data obtained by Khan et al [ 36 ], Szcześniak et al [ 42 ], and Liu et al [ 43 ]. The increase in polymer concentration impeded the rate of drug dissolution, which may lead to a change in the drug release mechanism.…”

“…The FTIR spectrum of HA was presented in our previous work [ 41 ] and was consistent with the spectra obtained by Reddy et al [ 49 ] and Akkarad et al [ 50 ]. In Figure 8 , as an example, the spectra of the F1 formulation composed only of HA and water were shown.…”

“…The thermogram of N showed a weak peak at 62.2 °C connected with the water evaporation, and the second sharp maximum at 257.3 °C corresponded to the melting point of the drug [ 52 ]. The thermogram of pure HA was presented in our previous work, and the signals at 69.0 °C, 124.2 °C, 228.5 °C, and 246.7 °C were observed [ 41 ]. In Figure 11 , the thermogram of the formulation F1, composed of HA and water, was also presented.…”

The Effect of Nanobubbles on Transdermal Applications

“…The data are withdrawn from UV-Vis spectra at different sampling times. In the case of serum without NBs, the experimental values follow a first order kinetic model, as it was expected according to the literature [ 53 , 54 ]. where, Q / Q o is the concentration of HA (normalized), t is the time in minutes and k the kinetic constant k = 0.01 (1/min).…”

A Transparent, High-Strength, and Recyclable Core–Shell Structured Wood Hydrogel Integrated with Carbon Dots for Photodegradation of Rhodamine B

“…Similarly, the DW sample exhibits stronger peaks at 1157 and 1033 cm –1 due to adsorbed water. For TW, the resulting FTIR spectrum possesses the characteristic bands of PAA (1698 cm –1 for CO, 1540 cm –1 for C–C, 1445 cm –1 for CH 2 , 1400 cm –1 for C–H, and 1238 cm –1 for C–O). ,− The peak intensity of TW at 3330 cm –1 has been greatly reduced as a result of the consumption of massive hydroxyl groups by the cross-linking effect between cellulose and PAA . Notably, the band at 1033 cm –1 (C–O stretching in cellulose) is retained in TW.…”