The insular cortex and the neuroanatomy of major depression

Sprengelmeyer, Reiner; Steele, J. Douglas; Mwangi, Benson; Kumar, Poornima; Christmas, David; Milders, Maarten; Matthews, Keith

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.004

Cited by 150 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…More specifically, our results are corroborated by diverse findings from previous studies highlighting the importance of these brain regions in acute MDD, including reports on increased resting-state functional connectivity between the insula and the OFC associated with altered interoceptive awareness in depressed patients. [45][46][47][48][49] As comparable alterations were not observed in individuals at familial risk for MDD in our study, the present work might highlight differential functional connectivity in this circuit as a possible statedependent neural substrate of altered interoception and social emotional processing as core features of acute MDD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Prefrontal brain responsiveness to negative stimuli

Redlich

Grotegerd

Dohm

et al. 2017

JPN

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Prefrontal brain responsiveness to negative stimuli

Redlich

Grotegerd

Dohm

et al. 2017

JPN

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“…After seeing the picture, participants were either asked to focus on the emotion elicited by the picture and answer whether this was positive, negative, or neutral or had to answer a question about its orientation (horizontal or vertical). The same amount (Sprengelmeyer et al, 2011) of geometrical and emotional trials was delivered for each of the three valences (positive, negative, and neutral).…”

Section: Mri Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism of the FKBP5 Gene and Childhood Maltreatment as Predictors of Structural Changes in Brain Areas Involved in Emotional Processing in Depression

Tozzi

Carballedo

Wetterling

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The gene expressing the FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) is involved in the regulation of glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity. The rs1360780 SNP in this gene (T allele vs C homozygous) has been found to be associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of our study was to investigate whether this polymorphism might be associated with altered brain structure and function in a cohort of 40 patients with MDD and 43 healthy controls. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) emotional attention task was employed. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was also conducted, extracting mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) from brain areas that showed functional differences between patients expressing the two alleles of the rs1360780 SNP. Finally, the effect of the interaction of childhood adversity as measured by the Childhood trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and rs1360780 allele status was analyzed in relation to DTI measures using a general linear model. All results presented are family-wise error (FWE) corrected. Functional interactions were found between genotype and diagnosis (po0.01). Patients carrying the high-risk allele, compared with patients not carrying it, showed reduced activity in the rolandic operculum, Heschl gyrus, insula, parahippocampal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, inferior frontal gyrus (po0.05 for all measures); and increased MD and reduced FA measures in many of these regions (po0.05). An interaction between CTQ scores and allele status was associated with DTI changes in the insula, rolandic operculum, and inferior frontal gyrus. Here, the presence of both the high-risk allele and higher CTQ scores was associated with higher MD and lower FA values (po0.05). In conclusion, MDD patients expressing the T allele of rs1360780, compared with C homozygous patients, exhibit functional and structural differences in areas involved in emotional perception and inhibition. The interaction between the T allele and childhood maltreatment explained our structural findings in these regions, suggesting that their altered maturation and function might be influenced by early chronic stress in the presence of this genetic trait.

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“…The results suggest a combination of biological and shared environmental pathways linking coordination difficulty, anxiety and depression. One tentative suggestion for a potential biological mechanism which has been implicated in DCD (McLeod et al, 2014;Zwicker et al, 2010), and in both anxiety (Terasawa et al, 2012) and depression (Sprengelmeyer et al, 2011), is the atypical volume and functioning of the insular cortex (IC). The IC is central to processing information about the physiological state of the body, monitoring sensations and connecting to other systems, such as the anterior cingulate cortex, to allocate attention towards particular stimuli and to plan appropriate actions (Paulus and Stein, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination difficulty and internalizing symptoms in adults: A twin/sibling study

Waszczuk

Leonard

Hill

et al. 2016

Psychiatry Research

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Increased anxiety and depression symptoms have been reported in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, and have been found to be associated with motor coordination difficulties, but little is known about the etiology of these associations. This study aimed to assess genetic, shared (making twins/siblings alike) and non-shared (individual-specific) environmental influences on the association between poor coordination and symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood using a sample of adult twin and sibling pairs. Participants were asked about their coordination skill and anxiety and depression symptoms. About half of the variance in coordination difficulty was explained by familial (combined genetic and shared environmental) influences, with the remaining variance explained by non-shared environmental influences. Phenotypic associations between coordination and anxiety (r=.46) and depression symptoms (r=.44) were largely underpinned by shared familial liability for the three traits. Non-shared environment accounted for about a third of the phenotypic association. Results suggest that both familial and non-shared environmental influences play a role in the etiology of coordination difficulty and its association with internalizing symptoms. The current study highlights that both biological and environmental pathways shared between these symptoms should be examined in future research to inform prevention and treatment approaches in clinical settings

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The insular cortex and the neuroanatomy of major depression

Cited by 150 publications

References 45 publications

Prefrontal brain responsiveness to negative stimuli

Prefrontal brain responsiveness to negative stimuli

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism of the FKBP5 Gene and Childhood Maltreatment as Predictors of Structural Changes in Brain Areas Involved in Emotional Processing in Depression

Coordination difficulty and internalizing symptoms in adults: A twin/sibling study

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