The Inhibitory Effects of Human , Camel and Cow's Milk against Some Pathogenic Fungi in Iraq

The purpose of this study was to isolate the Saccharomyces cerevisiae present on different fruits and performing RAPD and ISSR analyses to know the genetic interrelationship between different S. cerevisiae isolates. Some fruits namely apple, plum, dates, and peach were used as natural sources for S. cerevisiae isolation. The isolated S. cerevisiae was designated as SUC1, SUC2, SUC3, SUC4, SUC5 respectively. Amplicon fingerprints for the isolated species were obtained by RAPD assay using six different primers and ISSR assay using six different primers. RAPD assay showed the lowest genetic distance (0.1559) between SUC2 and SUC3 isolates whereas ISSR assay showed the lowest genetic distance (0.06899) between SUC4 and SUC5 isolates. Both genetic markers showed the highest genetic distance for SUC1 when compared to the other isolates.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

RAPD and ISSR analyses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates from different sources

Hammadi¹,

Hussein²,

Majeed³

et al. 2018

“…We all should have a role in preventing these infections and reducing antifungal resistance. [2,14,15,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the candida resistance and sensitivity for some antifungals

Hussein¹,

Dheeb²,

Hamada³

2019

Back ground: The current study included 150 samples from patients with Candida from a hospital of Medical City / education labs - Baghdad, and ranged in age from (10 – 65(years for both sexes, all isolates taken from different sources (Lower respiratory tract, Urine, Skin, Vaginal and Oral thrux), where the number of males (55(as a percentage (37%) while the number of females (95) as a percentage (63%). The objective: The objectives of this study are studying resistance and sensitivity of candida spp to some antifungals. Material and methods: All the required material which used for the study, and the direct examination was conducted using potassium hydroxide KOH 10%, As well as microscopic examination and laboratory transplantation for all samples, for the purpose of investigating the candidiasis. Also Vitek System examination was conducted on all positive samples for microscopy and laboratory culturing; and so to be diagnosed on the species level, and this study included using (3) anti-fungal equipped from Himedia (India), an (Fluconazole, Clotrimazole and Nystatin), anti-fungal used by standard disk Diffusion to know the resistance of Candida and its sensitivity toward used anti-fungal. The results: The results of direct examination were vaginal swab (50), Sputum (28), Oral swab (34), Urine (21) and Skin swab (17). Conclusion: Candidiasis was more common in female patients as well as from medical units, where the rate of infection in females more than in males, Candida species were identified by the manual and automated methods and we found that the automated method by using VITEK2 YST Card was the best for species identification.

“…From genetic distance, the ratio of genetic similarity among the ten Trichophyton rubrum isolates from 0.97868 to 0.1025,showing Table (6).The highest similarity 0.97868 (99.8%) was obtained between isolates number (1 and 2)while 0.21556 (21.5%) genetic similarity between isolate number 3 and 6, but lowest level of similarity 0.1025 (10.2%) was appears between isolate number (5 and 7). During dendrogram were constructed based on [13]. Genetic distance using UPGMA cluster analysis and depicted genetic relationship among seven Trichophyton rubrum isolates showing two major cluster, first cluster contained two main distance, these were introduced from patients sources and isolate number 2 formed separated line that came from environmental sources, and second cluster contained isolate number (7,5) with lowest genetic similarity 0.1025.These isolates introduced from patients and environment sources, group, first group contain isolates number (1,2) with higher genetic similarity 0.9782.…”

Section: Issr-pcr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that the dendrogram generated by ISSR better with genealogy and the know pedigree of the ISSR than RAPD results, on the another hand, it has been found that the data on RAPD genetic distance have more relationship with the geographic distribution in comparative with ISSR data that based on number of chromosomes, ISSR markers are highly polymorphic and are useful in studies on genetic diversity [18,20]. Numbers of analysis studies used both ISSR and RAPD technique were found that ISSR produce more information with fewer number primer than number RAPD primer, during among study found a number polymorphic bands was still higher with less number [13,25,26]. ISSR less primers means less time, less DNA, less supplied and less samples, RAPD markers don't have the specific target comparing to ISSR markers.…”

Section: Issr-pcr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amplification of genomic DNA was performed with the following master amplification reaction: RAPD -PCR premix (final reaction volume = 20 µI).No. of cycles = 40 cycles between initial denaturation and final extension, following Table (3) which showed the RAPD programTable (3): RAPD program used in the studyFollowed by a hold at 4°C[12,13]. Each PCR amplification reaction was repeated twice separately to ensure reproducibility the products analyzed by electrophoresis in 1.5% agars gels with 0.5µl stained ethidium bromide at 5v/cm for 2hours.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study genetic diversity between trichophyton rubrum isolates using ISSR and RAPD markers

Mezher¹,

Mohammad²,

Wahab³

et al. 2018

The present study included detection of genetic variability, and identification of genetic relationship and finding a fingerprint of the ten clinical isolates related to Trichophyton rubrum using RAPD and ISSR markers. The experiment was carried out and the results performed using six primer of the RAPD markers these primers showed 239 amplified band , out of these band 90 of them was considered as a main band, and 149 was Polymorphic band , the largest number of bands was 30 in the isolate TR6 and less number of bands in the isolate TR7. The results clear the value of genetic diversity based on RAPD analysis the lowest value of genetic diversity (0.13005) between the isolate TR3 and TR9while the highest genetic diversity (0.55941) was between the isolates TR5 and TR8. The analysis of the relationship shows that there are three main groups: the first group include isolate TR8, while the second group included three isolates are isolate TR2, isolate TR10 and isolates TR3, The third group included three subgroups included the first isolate TR1,isolates TR4 and second isolate TR3 and isolate TR9 and the third included the isolate TR5 and isolates TR6.The results of ISSR experiments: the use six a primers in the of the ISSR showed 192 bands, in the isolate of Trichophyton rubrum, two of these primers showed monomorphic bands (in number and location) and six primers showed monomorphic and polymorphic bands, while one showed only polymorphic bands among Trichophyton rubrum isolates. And the largest number of bands was 24 in the TR5 and less number of bands 16 in isolate TR3 and isolate TR8 were finding DNA fingerprint to isolate TR1, isolate TR5, and isolate TR3. The ISSR markers showed lowest genetic polymorphism was (0.05561) between the isolates TR2 and isolate TR7 and the largest genetic distance was (0.40501) between the isolate TR4 and isolate TR8. The analysis of the relationship of genetic showed that there are three groups key first included isolates and only one isolate TR8 and the second involving isolates TR2 and isolate TR7, isolate TR4 and isolate TR3, while the group included three sub-groups, the first included isolate TR1 and isolate TR6, and the second involving isolate TR5, isolate TR10 and isolate TR9. The results confirmed the efficiency markers of the RAPD and ISSR in contrast, find a genetic fingerprint to the isolates of Trichophyton rubrum, and these markers differ in mechanical detection contrast, and coverage is Genome. Therefore Complementary to each other, although the ISSR markers were more efficient in terms of the number of binding sites in each type of the isolates of Trichophyton rubrum and so can the initiator of the discovery of a much larger area from Genome.