The Inhibitory Effect of Chlorhexidine Digluconate on Dental Plaque Formation: A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscope Study

Yamaguchi, Hideyoshi; Hirasawa, K.; Tanaka, Takaaki; Shioiri, T; Matsue, Ichiro

doi:10.1902/jop.1981.52.10.630

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…There was a lower number of bacteria in the chlorhexidine samples as compared to the number of micro-organisms originating from the control specimens. This is in agreement with another electron microscope study in which triacetylcellulose films were used for plaque collection (Yamaguchi et al, 1981), However, this lower number of bacteria encountered in the chlorhexidine samples is not as small as might be expected. This could be explained on the basis of the distribution of micro-organisms on the surface colonized.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of chlorhexidine rinses on the morphology of early dental plaque formed on plastic film

Brecx

Theilade²

1984

J Clinic Periodontology

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The effect of chlorhexidine on early plaque formation was studied in vivo in order to assess potential structural and quantitative changes. 3 subjects with healthy gingiva were used. Plastic films were applied to the buccal surfaces of the maxillary right first premolars and plaque was allowed to form for either 4 or 24 h. A single 1-min rinse with 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate was used for the 4-h experiments, 1 min after film placement, whereas, for the 24-h experiments, an additional 1 min rinse was used at 12 h. In total, 62 films were obtained, half treated and half controls. These were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy, using standardized techniques for area sampling and cell counting. All plastic films were covered by a surface coating of acellular material in or on which bacteria, epithelial cells and leukocytes were observed. In the controls, an important increase in bacterial count was seen between 4 and 24 h, whereas the increase with chlorhexidine was slight. There were fewer bacteria in the chlorhexidine as compared to the water specimens, for both time periods. Many microorganisms in the chlorhexidine samples appeared to be undergoing degeneration with coagulated cytoplasm and disrupted cell walls.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of chlorhexidine rinses on the morphology of early dental plaque formed on plastic film

Brecx

Theilade²

1984

J Clinic Periodontology

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“…The reduced bacterial accumulation on the 24-h samples subjected to local applications of chiorhexidine is in line with the results of previous studies using chiorhexidine mouthrinses (Yamaguchi et al 1981, Brecx & Theilade 1984. However, the latter studies showed that, already after 4 h of plaque accumulation in situ, there was a significant reduction in the number of bacteria present in the chiorhexidine samples as compared to control specimens subjected only to water rinses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It has further been demonstrated that chiorhexidine mouthrinses have marked effects on 4-and 24-h plaque (Brecx & Theilade 1984). No visible differences were, however, observed in experiments after 2 h of bacterial accumulation on placebo and chlorhexidine-treated films (Yamaguchi et al 1981). In the present study ultrastructural analysis of the deposit revealed only some organisms undergoing degeneration when one or two drops of a 1% chiorhexidine solution were applied topically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The effect of chlorhexidine and Octapinol®on early human plaque formation. A light and electron microscopic study

Brecx¹,

Theilade²,

Attström³

et al. 1987

J of Periodontal Research

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The influence of chlorhexidine and Octapinol® on early plaque formation in humans was assessed in vivo. Three subjects with healthy gingiva were used. Plastic films were applied to the buccal surfaces of the maxillary right first premolars and plaque was allowed to form for either 4 or 24 hours. After 1 minute of plaque development, a drop of water, 1 % chlorhexidine or 1 % Octapinol was gently applied in situ; in the 24‐h experiment an additional drop was added at 12 h. In total, 76 films were obtained, with a comparable number of specimens in each of the 6 groups. The samples were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy, using standardized techniques for area sampling and cell counting. All control films were covered by a surface coating of acellular material in or on which bacteria, epithelial cells and leukocytes were observed. The controls and to a lesser extent the Octapinol samples exhibited a significant increase in bacterial count between 4 and 24 h. However, the number of bacteria in the chlorhexidine samples showed only a slight increase within this period. Some microorganisms in the chlorhexidine samples appeared to be undergoing degeneration. In the Octapinol specimens the bacterial morphology was generally intact with many extracellular areas of high electron density. Chlorhexidine and Octapinol both had a qualitative effect on early plaque formation, but only the former had a detectable quantitative effect at this initial stage of plaque accumulation.

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“…This is in accordance with previous SEM-studies on early plaque formation (Connor et al ! 976, Lie 1977, Adams et al, 1979, Yamaguehi et al 1981, Nyvad & Fejerskov 1987, In contrast to our findings, the 2-h specimens in the study by Lie (1977) and Yamaguchi (1981) showed virtually no bacteria. These latter findings contrast with our observations of up to 24000 microorganisms per mm^ of enamel.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Scanning electron microscopic observations of early plaque formation in vivo on enamel specimens treated with delmopinol

Collaert¹,

Attström

Holmstrup

et al. 1993

J Clinic Periodontology

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The aim of this double blind, cross-over, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study was to compare the effect of topical application of 0.5% delmopinol HCl (aqueous solution) with placebo on early supragingival plaque formation on enamel specimens attached to a maxillary premolar. 3 subjects underwent 2x (placebo and delmopinol treatment, respectively) 7 treatment periods (1/2, 1, 2, 8, 24 hours; 3, 7 days) of undisturbed dental plaque accumulation, during which 2 ml of placebo and delmopinol HCl 0.5%, respectively, were applied topically to all teeth 2x daily. At the end of each period, the specimen was retrieved and processed for SEM. For the specimens obtained after 24 h or less, the number of visible micro-organisms was estimated. For the 3- and 7-day specimens, the area covered by plaque was calculated planimetrically. Large inter-individual differences were observed in the number of bacteria attaching during the first 24 h, with apparently no major differences between delmopinol and placebo. 1 subject showed a bacterial colonization predominated by curved rods throughout the first 8 h. Compared to placebo, the area of the specimens covered by plaque was reduced after 3 and 7 days of delmopinol use, with coccoid cells as the predominant morphotype. Plaque maturity, characterized by the appearance of corncob formations and high numbers of different morphotypes, was not observed on the delmopinol specimens, in contrast to the placebo specimens. The study shows that topical application of 0.5% delmopinol HCl delays and interferes with dental plaque maturation.

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The Inhibitory Effect of Chlorhexidine Digluconate on Dental Plaque Formation: A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscope Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of chlorhexidine rinses on the morphology of early dental plaque formed on plastic film

Effect of chlorhexidine rinses on the morphology of early dental plaque formed on plastic film

The effect of chlorhexidine and Octapinol®on early human plaque formation. A light and electron microscopic study

Scanning electron microscopic observations of early plaque formation in vivo on enamel specimens treated with delmopinol

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