The influences of PEG‐functionalized graphdiyne on cell growth and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a frequently used technique for patients with insufficient alveolar bone. The discovery of bone substitutes that can enhance osteogenesis is critical for GBR. Graphdiyne (GDY), a newly discovered carbon-based nanomaterial, has been recognized as the most stable allotrope of acetylene carbon and is anticipated to be able to promote osteogenesis. Whereas it still remains unknown whether it could enhance osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In this study, GDY was modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the influences of GDY-PEG at different concentrations on BMSCs cell growth and osteogenic differentiation were researched for the first time. In this study, we found that GDY-PEG at low concentration possessed premium bio-compatibility and revealed evident facilitation of BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. The cell growth and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs treated with GDY-PEG were dose-dependent.GDY-PEG at 1 μg/mL demonstrated the optimal promoting effects of BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, the regulating effect of BMSCs osteogenic differentiation by GDY-PEG might be associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In all, the present study indicated a novel application of GDY in promoting bone tissue regeneration, providing a novel biomaterial for bone augmentation in clinics.

Emerging Trends in Nanomedicine: Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Healthcare

“…Current Results: Initial studies have demonstrated the biocompatibility and potential of graphdiyne scaffolds for promoting tissue regeneration in bone [132], nerve [133], and cardiac tissues [134]. Graphdiyne's ability to support cell growth and facilitate tissue repair offers promising opportunities in regenerative medicine [135].…”

Identifying Differences in Molecular Characteristics Relevant for Remodeling of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells from the Upper and Lower Jaw

“…Stem cells possess anti-inflammatory properties, encourage the proliferation of epithelial cells, and hinder wound scarring [ 2 ]. Moreover, both stem cells and their exosomes exert notable impacts on the regeneration of bone tissue and the nervous system [ 3 , 4 ]. Different cell types with stem cell properties have been derived and characterized from different dental/oral tissues, making the teeth and the supporting oral tissues attractive and accessible sources of stem cells [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Application of stem cells in regeneration medicine

“…Stem cells have anti‐inflammatory properties, promote epithelial cell proliferation, and inhibit wound scarring 10,11 . In addition, stem cells and their exosomes have significant effects on bone tissue and nervous system regeneration 12,13 . Therefore, researchers have envisioned the application of stem cells in regenerative medicine to promote skin and bone tissue regeneration.…”

“… 10 , 11 In addition, stem cells and their exosomes have significant effects on bone tissue and nervous system regeneration. 12 , 13 Therefore, researchers have envisioned the application of stem cells in regenerative medicine to promote skin and bone tissue regeneration. However, due to the difficulties of stem cell transportation and preservation, as well as their tumorigenicity and the difficulty of exosome extraction, nanoformulations of stem cells have been studied and have gradually become a hot research topic for elucidating new ways to repair damaged skin and bone.…”