The influence of weather and climate on recreation and tourism

Smith, Keith D.

doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1993.tb05828.x

Cited by 138 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The findings of this study confirmed the expectations of Dwyer [14] and Smith [15] that when anomalously warm winters occurred within the observational record from 1999 to 2015, the total number of zoo visitors increased significantly as a result. Likewise, when anomalously warm summers occurred, the total number of zoo visitors decreased significantly.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Likewise, when anomalously warm summers occurred, the total number of zoo visitors decreased significantly. However, the comments of both Dwyer [14] and Smith [15] seem to relate more to seasonal thermal extremes experienced in the winter and summer months without any discussion of how these relationships may be altered in the transitioning seasons of the spring and autumn. The results of the current study provide some insights into this query, showing that visitation during the spring season responded similarly to that of the winter season; whereas, visitation in the autumn season was unique in its apparent lack of sensitivity to seasonal climatic anomalies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Seasonal Climatic Anomalies on Zoo Visitation in Toronto (Canada) and the Implications for Projected Climate Change

Hewer

Gough

2016

Atmosphere

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Abstract:This study uses a multi-year temporal climate analogue approach to explore zoo visitor responses to seasonal climatic anomalies and assess the impacts of projected climate change on zoo visitation in Toronto, Canada. A new method for selecting a representative weather station was introduced which ranks surrounding stations based on "climatic distance" rather than physical distance alone. Two years representing anomalously warm temperature conditions and two years representing climatically normal temperature conditions were identified for each season from within the study period from 1999 to 2015. Two years representing anomalously wet precipitation conditions and two years representing anomalously dry precipitation conditions were also identified. F-tests and t-tests were employed to determine if the apparent differences in zoo visitation between the temperature and precipitation paired groupings were statistically significant. A "selective ensemble" of seasonal Global Climate Model (GCM) output from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report was used to determine when these anomalous temperature and precipitation conditions may become the norm in the future. When anomalously warm winters and springs occurred within the historical record, total zoo visitation in those seasons increased significantly. Inversely, when anomalously warm summers occurred, total summer season zoo visitation decreased significantly. Temperature anomalies in the autumn season did not result in any significant differences in total autumn season zoo visitation. Finally, apart from in the spring season, there were no significant differences in total zoo visitation between anomalously wet and dry seasons.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Seasonal Climatic Anomalies on Zoo Visitation in Toronto (Canada) and the Implications for Projected Climate Change

Hewer

Gough

2016

Atmosphere

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“…It has been noted that tourism and climate are linked and weather conditions can influence the amount of visitors in specific area (cf. Amelung et al, 2007;Hamilton et al, 2005;Martín, 2005;Smith, 1993). Extreme rainfall can therefore have an impact on the local economy.…”

Section: Effects Of Intense Rainfall On Ecosystem Services Provisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of extreme natural events on the provision of ecosystem services in a mountain environment: The importance of trail design in delivering system resilience and ecosystem service co-benefits

Tomczyk

White

Ewertowski

2016

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…Although climate is not the only determinant of destination choice (Crouch 1995;Witt and Witt 1995;Rosselló et al 2005;Gössling and Hall 2006;Bigano et al 2006a), attractiveness is largely determined by thermal environmental assets (Smith 1993;Agnew and Palutikof 2000;Amelung and Viner 2006; for a detailed literature overview on how climate/weather and tourism interact, see Becken 2010). Destinations with better climate resources have a competitive advantage , especially those for sun-and-sea or winter sports holidays.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic Impacts—Recreation

Kreilkamp

Bergner

Mauser³

2016

North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment

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Tourism is one of the most highly climate-sensitive economic sectors. Most of its main sub-sectors, including sun-and-beach tourism and nature-based tourism, play a major role in the North Sea region and are especially weather-und climate-dependent. On top of that, most tourist activities in the North Sea region occur in the coastal zones which are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Climate acts as both a 'push' and 'pull' factor in tourism. Climate-driven changes in tourism demand are hard to determine because the tourist decision-making process is also influenced by factors other than climate. Nevertheless, summer tourism in the North Sea region is expected to benefit from rising temperatures (air and water), decreasing precipitation and longer seasons. Destinations can reduce the negative impacts of climate change on tourism by adapting to the changes. The tourist industry also contributes to climate change. Not only is the tourist industry affected by climate change, it also contributes to climate change itself. Therefore, mitigating the climate effects of tourism is largely the responsibility of politicians, the tourism industry and tourism supply. Despite some negative impacts, the overall consequences of climate change for tourism in the North Sea region are expected to be positive.

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The influence of weather and climate on recreation and tourism

Cited by 138 publications

References 9 publications

The Effect of Seasonal Climatic Anomalies on Zoo Visitation in Toronto (Canada) and the Implications for Projected Climate Change

The Effect of Seasonal Climatic Anomalies on Zoo Visitation in Toronto (Canada) and the Implications for Projected Climate Change

Effects of extreme natural events on the provision of ecosystem services in a mountain environment: The importance of trail design in delivering system resilience and ecosystem service co-benefits

Socio-economic Impacts—Recreation

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