The Influence Of The Antigen Density And Other Factors On The Serum Titer In The Agglutination‐Lysis‐Test For Leptospirosis

Borg-Petersen, C.; Fagræus, Astrid

doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1949.tb00755.x

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Levels of crossreacting antibodies to heterologous serovars in past infections will decrease more rapidly than titers with the homologous agent. Borg-Petersen (1949) described that it is common that heterologous reactions are stronger than the homologous reactions in the first weeks of illness. The homologous reaction may even be absent.…”

Section: Anticipated Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1918, Martin and Pettit described the phenomenon of agglutination and "lysis" with sera (Martin and Pettit, 1918). Since then, the method has been improved by others (Schuffner and Mochtar, 1926;Borg-Petersen and Fagraeus, 1949;Wolff, 1954;Carbrey, 1960;Cole et al, 1973). These investigators have optimized factors like incubation time and temperatures, reading of the endpoint titer, and density and age of the culture.…”

Section: Commentary Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The titers of agglutination tests may be affected by the quality of the antigen suspensions (i.e., cultures) and the strains used. Borg-Petersen and Fagraeus (1949) assessed the optimal density of the Leptospira antigen using comparisons with the McFarland scale. Culture densities can also be estimated by visual inspection of the suspension by dark-field microscopy or determined by nephelometry and counting of leptospires using a Helber or Petroff Hauser counting chamber (cell-depth 0.02 mm).…”

Section: Antigenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leptospirosis Serodiagnosis by the Microscopic Agglutination Test

2014

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The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is the gold standard for sero-diagnosis of leptospirosis because of its unsurpassed diagnostic specificity. It uses panels of live leptospires, ideally recent isolates, representing the circulating serovars from the area where the patient became infected. A dilution series of the patient's serum is mixed with a suspension of live leptospires in microtiter plates. After incubating for about 2 hr at 30°C, results are read under the dark-field microscope. The titer is the last dilution in which ࣙ50% of the leptospires have remained agglutinated. Seroconversion or ࣙ4-fold titer rise in paired sera is consistent with current leptospirosis. The significance of a titer in a single sample depends on the frequency of residual titers due to past infections and cross-reacting other diseases in the population. Full standardization of the MAT is not possible, but quality assurance can be achieved by participation in the international MAT proficiency testing scheme.

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Section: Anticipated Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Commentary Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antigenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leptospirosis Serodiagnosis by the Microscopic Agglutination Test

2014

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“…Both IgM-and IgG-class antibodies are detected by the MAT. It cannot be standardized as live antigens are often used and various factors, such as the age and density of the antigen culture, can influence the agglutination titre (Borg-Petersen & Fagroeus, 1949;Carbrey, 1960).…”

Section: A102 Microscopic Agglutination Testmentioning

confidence: 99%