The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. XII. Second Supplement to VII. Effects on Beneficial Arthropods

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In the apple orchards of Nova Scotia DDT, azinphos-methyl or lead arsenate control the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.). DDT, even at a low dosage, is detrimental to predators but not to the phytophagous mites Bryobia arborea M. & A. and Panonychus ulmi (Koch); azinphos-methyl is toxic to B. arborea but not to P. ulmi; lead arsenate is of low toxicity to both the phytophagous mites and predators but effective in control of the winter moth when applied against the maturing larvae.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. XV. Chemical Controls for Winter Moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), and Their Effects on Phytophagous Mite and Predator Populations

Sanford

Herbert

1966

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“…published (Sanford 1966;MacPhee and Sanford 1961). Dicofol was more detrimental to predaceous mites than the just-mentioned miticides but was equally as innocuous to predaceous mites.…”

Section: Efject Of Miticides On Predatorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia: Xviii. Predator and Prey Populations in Relation to Miticides

Sanford

Herbert

1967

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Can. Ent. 99: 689-696 (1967) Ovex, tetradifon, and ohlorbenside which are largely innocuous, and parathion which is more harmful, to beneficial insects and predaceous mites, have been used in apple orchards in Nova Scotia to control outbreaks of phytophagous mites. Dicofol is used at present but it is toxic t o predaceous mites. Animert V-101 is effective against Panonychus ulmi (Koch) but is ineffective on most beneficial species. Dicofol and Animert V-101 initially reduced a high population of P. ulmi but were equally ineffective on predaceous insects. The latter chemical was innocuous to T y p h l o d r o m pyri Scheuten and Vasates schlechtendali (Nal.) but gave partial control of P. ulmi. A similar high population of P. ulrm' was reduced to a low level on a comparative untreated plot where a high number of predators was present. This reduction was evident 1 month later than on the treated plots. The overwintering numbers of P. ulmi in 1966 were below a cammercially tolerable level on the three plots. AbstractCan. Ent. 99: 696-702 (1967) The garden symphylan (Scutigerella immaculata Newport) population of a field of table beets, Beta wulgaris L., in northwestern Oregon, was studied. The number of symphylans from rhe samples ranged from 110 to 1131 per cubic foot with an average of 557. Several laboratory tests were conducted to study garden symphylan population increases in soil types treated differently. It was found that garden symphylans reproduce well in soil types such as Felida, Salkum, and Melbourne. Manure added to these soils increases rheir porosity, probably supplies additional foodstuff, and consequently provides the best rearing medium.

“…Lord (1949Lord ( ,' 1956Lord ( , 1962, Picltett and Patterson (1953), MacPhee (1953), AlacPhee and Sanford (1956Sanford ( , 1961, and Sanford and Lord (1962) in Scotia showed that man\-spray chemicals had a tendency to destroy predacious mites and prcdators ind to favour the build up of phytophagous mites. Lord (1949Lord ( ,' 1956Lord ( , 1962, Picltett and Patterson (1953), MacPhee (1953), AlacPhee and Sanford (1956Sanford ( , 1961, and Sanford and Lord (1962) in Scotia showed that man\-spray chemicals had a tendency to destroy predacious mites and prcdators ind to favour the build up of phytophagous mites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Population Studies of Phytophagous Mites and Predators on Apple in Southwestern Quebec

Parent¹

1967

Can. Ent. 99: 771-778 (1967) Ecological studies, undertaken to determine the fluctuations of phytophagous mites and predators in apple orchards, were conducted in 1955, 1956, and 1957 at Rougemont, Que., in two plots sprayed only with fungicides for the control of apple scab, Venturia inaeqmlis (Cke) Wint., and in a third one sprayed, in addition to fungicides, with all insecticides needed for the control of destructive insects. Phytophagous mites \\rere more numerous in the plot sprayed with insecticides than in plots sprayed only with fungicides, and cfensities of rhe mites in the latter plots were inresely proportional to densities of predatorq. 1A similar relationship existed in the insecticide plot between the amount nf chemicals used and numbers of predators present. The principl mite predators were T Y P~~U~T O~R I S rhenmzzu (Oudmc,), mmt effccti~-c against the two-spotted spider mite. Tersanycb?ls zrrrione Koch, and ,Cleciiolntu rrrnli (F,\'.wing), most effective against the European red mice, Pnnrmy char tll?)fi (Koch) . Des ktt~des Pcologiques furent poursuivies en 1955, 1956 et 1957 i Rougemont, Qu6., en w e de dCtem1iner l e~ tluctuations des populationc de tktranpques phyto-phage< et dc leurs pr6dstenrs dans les vergers. Le travail fut effectue dans trnis parcelles expCrimentales dont d e w braicnt rrairkes exclusivemcnt avec des fongicides pour Ia rfpressioti de Ir tavel~~re du pclmmier, Ve~rtrtria intreqnnlir (Cltc) Wint., ec une troisii.me, avec tous les pesticides ndcessaircs B 11 r6prer;sion des maladies et ties insectes nuisil~les. Les t6tranyques pl~ytopluges Ctaient bcaucwp plus nomk~reux dans la psrcelle trait& avec insccticides et fongicides que dans les parcelles n'ayant r e p que deq fongicidcc;. Les densit& des populations de predateurs et celles des tPtranyques phytophages dtaienr inrerscment pr{lportionnelles, et fa m6mc relation c~israit cntre les traiternents insecticides et les populations de prkdateurs. Les principaux acariens prkdateurs Ctaient Typhlodremzcs rhenanus (Oudms.), particuli6rement efficace contre le tktranyque h deux points, Tetranychus urticae Kooh, et Mediolata mali (Ewing), qui prkfkrait le tktranyque rouge du pommier, Panonychus ulmi (Koch).