The influence of spasmolytic agents on heart rate variability and gastrointestinal motility in normal horses

Heart rate variability in horses with acute gastrointestinal disease requiring exploratory laparotomy

“…While preoperative measurements are ideal for use as diagnostic criteria or prognostic indicators, this was not practical owing to variability in the time from admission to surgery, and in some cases obtaining a 30‐minute diagnostic‐quality ECG recording would have delayed surgery and could be considered unethical. Finally, at the time of admission, the vast majority of horses that presented for acute gastrointestinal disease received an alpha‐2 agonist or an anticholinergic spasmolytic agent, which would have made interpretation difficult owing to the direct pharmacological influences on the HR and HRV …”

“…While HRV has been evaluated in horses under a variety of physiologic, pathologic, and pharmacologic conditions, to the authors’ knowledge, HRV has not been investigated in horses with naturally acquired gastrointestinal disease. The main objectives of the study described herein were to describe HRV parameters in horses that underwent exploratory laparotomy for acute gastrointestinal disease and compare them to those of healthy control horses that underwent elective surgical procedures.…”

Repeatability and Reliability of Heart Rate Variability in Healthy, Adult Pony Mares

“…Reliability indicates if the differences in the measurements are due to measurement error or due to normal variation [36]. In human sports medicine acceptable assessment of reliability of HRV includes ICC, CV and Limits of Agreement [29].…”

“…Automatic assumption of the applicability of methodology used in human or other animal studies during HRV quantification in horses may provide an explanation for the low comparability between studies. In HRV studies it is often not reported in the methodology if a correction factor (CF) was used during data analysis and if reported no reason for the specific choice is indicated [33][34][35][36].…”

Uso de N-butilbromuro de hioscina en premedicación anestésica en un equino con un bloqueo atrioventricular Mobitz tipo II

“…El N-butilbromuro de hioscina, usado principalmente como espasmolítico en dolor abdominal, ejerce bloqueo del tono vagal por medio de receptores M2 del sistema nervioso parasimpático. Sin embargo, tiene duración más corta en el tracto gastrointestinal que la atropina y con mínimos efectos en el sistema nervioso central debido a su pobre penetración de la barrera hematoencefálica (11). Algunos bloqueos AV de segundo grado y la bradicardia son inducidos por α2 agonistas.…”