The influence of small green space type and structure at the street level on urban heat island mitigation

Park, Jonghoon; Kim, Jun‐Hyun; Lee, Dong Kun; Park, Chae Yeon; Jeong, Sangman

doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2016.12.005

Cited by 186 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Urban green space, as an inseparable element of urban ecosystems, provides critical ecosystem services [1,2] for human wellbeing, like air quality improvement [3,4] through pollution removal and noise reduction, water and soil conservation [5], microclimate regulation [6,7], urban heat island (UHI) mitigation [8], biodiversity conservation [9,10], etc. Meanwhile, urban green spaces also bring economic and social benefits [11,12], for instance, energy saving, promoting community integration [13], and outdoor recreation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Ecosystem Services of Various Types of Urban Green Spaces Based on i-Tree Eco

et al. 2020

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Urban green spaces play a crucial role in maintaining urban ecosystem sustainability by providing numerous ecosystem services. How to quantify and evaluate the ecological benefits and services of urban green spaces remains a hot topic currently, while the evaluation is barely applied or implemented in urban design and planning. In this study, super-high-resolution aerial images were used to acquire the spatial distribution of urban green spaces; a modified pre-stratified random sampling method was applied to obtain the vegetation information of the four types of urban green spaces in Luohe, a common plain city in China; and i-Tree Eco model was further used to assess the vegetation structure and various ecosystem services including air quality improvement, rainfall interception, carbon storage, and sequestration provided by four types of urban green spaces. The modeling results reveal that there were about 1,006,251 trees in this area. In 2013, all the trees in these green spaces could store about 54,329 t of carbon, sequester about 4973 t of gross carbon, remove 92 t of air pollutants, and avoid 122,637 m 3 of runoff. The study illustrates an innovative method to reveal different types of urban green spaces with distinct ecosystem service productivity capacity to better understand their various roles in regulating the urban environment. The results could be used to assist urban planners and policymakers to optimize urban green space structure and composition to maximize ecosystem services provision.Sustainability 2020, 12, 1630 2 of 16 of various vegetation communities within the urban area [24][25][26][27][28][29], while there are few studies that analyze variations in types and functions of urban green spaces at finer scales [1,22,30]. Urban green spaces are divided into several types, reflecting the different needs that these spaces meet, which could further affect the different ecosystem services provision. The capacity of various green spaces ecosystem services provision is context-specific and different depending on their type and size [31,32]. Various types of urban green spaces such as public parks, road belt green space, wetland, and private gardens are extremely heterogeneous with different vegetation communities and diversities reflecting diverse social needs and personal preferences that further influence eco-function value provision [33].In China, spatially heterogeneous urban green spaces are classified into four main types, which are public parks, protective green spaces, square green spaces, and attached green spaces by individual location and function across urban area based on Standard for Classification of Urban Green Space (CJJ/T85-2017), which was released by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of P.R.C. in 2017. Different social needs and ecological values that are driven by landowners' preferences and function-oriented design bring various types of urban green spaces [34]. Diverse vegetation preferences and differing management and maintenance practices reflect human-oriented d...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Ecosystem Services of Various Types of Urban Green Spaces Based on i-Tree Eco

et al. 2020

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“…Park studied the green space of six blocks in Seoul, reporting that UHI intensity presented a linear relation with 3D green biomass and that UHI intensity weakens as green biomass increases. However, it is difficult for that study to be elevated to a macro scale of urban space [25]. Jin used twenty-seven monitoring stations to study the relationship between urban morphological parameters and UHI in Singapore within an 8 km 2 range, but that study did not involve human comfort [26].…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Mega-Urban Heat Island on Spatial Transfer of Summer Thermal Comfort: Evidence from Tianjin, China

Huang

Yun

et al. 2019

Teh. vjesn.

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Human thermal comfort in urban spaces deteriorates as rapid urbanization proceeds. However, effective tests and discoveries of spatial statistic patterns are currently absent. This study collected remote sensing images and measured meteorological data of the summers of 1992-2017, Tianjin of China and aims to clarify patterns of spatial transfer and thermal comfort changes caused by a mega-UHI (Urban Heat Island). An analytic transfer matrix and the spatial autocorrelation were developed to study spatial pattern changes and features of the spatial transfer of thermal comfort caused by UHI. Results show these patterns in the affected areas can be divided into different levels: patterns of low-level affected areas transferred by circular expansion into block-mass jumping, while the position of high-level affected areas remains stable. The spatial transfer of thermal comfort in the affected areas shows two apparent stages: the transfer from areas of high-density and low-storied buildings and into areas of multiple storied buildings, and transfer from areas of low and multiple storied buildings into those of high storied buildings. This implies changes in urban planning can guide spatial, structural, and functional evolution. The study identifies features of spatial change and spatial patterns related to the influence of Mega-UHI on thermal comfort.

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“…The green urban spaces have been researched by numerous studies as an adaptive strategy to reduce the effect of urban heat and improve the health of citizens, by considering thermal comfort [10,11] as well as their socio-economic role [12]. Various studies have been conducted on the effects of various types of green infrastructures aiming at reducing urban heat and thermal discomfort [13,14], which include different scales and forms such as small local parks [15], large urban parks [16], urban gardens [17], green roofs [18,19], green walls [20,21] and street trees [22,23]. This study emphasizes the cooling effect of large urban parks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cooling Effect of Large-Scale Urban Parks on Surrounding Area Thermal Comfort

et al. 2019

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This empirical study investigates large urban park cooling effects on the thermal comfort of occupants in the vicinity of the main central park, located in Madrid, Spain. Data were gathered during hot summer days, using mobile observations and a questionnaire. The results showed that the cooling effect of this urban park of 125 ha area at a distance of 150 m could reduce air temperatures by an average of 0.63 °C and 1.28 °C for distances of 380 m and 665 meters from the park. Moreover, the degree of the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) index at a distance of 150 meters from the park is on average 2 °C PET and 2.3 °C PET less compared to distances of 380 m and 665 m, respectively. Considering the distance from the park, the correlation between occupant perceived thermal comfort (PTC) and PET is inverse. That is, augmenting the distance from the park increases PET, while the extent of PTC reduces accordingly. The correlation between these two factors at the nearest and furthest distances from the park is meaningful (p-value < 0.05). The results also showed that large-scale urban parks generally play a significant part in creating a cognitive state of high-perceived thermal comfort spaces for residents.

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The influence of small green space type and structure at the street level on urban heat island mitigation

Cited by 186 publications

References 61 publications

Assessing the Ecosystem Services of Various Types of Urban Green Spaces Based on i-Tree Eco

Assessing the Ecosystem Services of Various Types of Urban Green Spaces Based on i-Tree Eco

Influence of the Mega-Urban Heat Island on Spatial Transfer of Summer Thermal Comfort: Evidence from Tianjin, China

The Cooling Effect of Large-Scale Urban Parks on Surrounding Area Thermal Comfort

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