The influence of orally administered short chain fatty acids on intestinal histopathological changes and intensity of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The influence of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) on histopathological changes in the small intestine and the intensity of invasion of T. spiralis in mice were investigated in this study. The animals were infected with doses of 500 and 250 T. spiralis larvae per mouse. A SCFA solution containing acetic, propionic and butyric acid (30 : 15 : 20mM) was administered orally to the mice starting from the 5 th day before infection to the 20 th day after infection (day). Fragments of the jejunum collected during dissection on the 7 th and 10 th day were used to prepare specimens to assess the histopathological changes. In the infected animals, the intestinal trichinellae were counted on the 7 th and 10 th day, while on the 42 nd day the muscle larvae number were determined. The strongest host reaction in the intestine was observed on the 7 th day at a dose of T. spiralis 500 larvae, and on the 10 th day at a dose of 250 larvae. Numerous inflammatory infiltrations, strong shortening of the intestinal villi, extension of the intestinal crypts, and the lowest ratio of the villi length to the intestinal crypts depth were observed. The ratio was 1.3 ± 0.3 on the 7 th day at a dose of 500 larvae, and on the 10 th day, at dose of 250 larvae the ratio reached 1.5 ± 0.5. Both values differed significantly from the control group: 3.3 ± 0.5 (P < 0.01). Administration of SCFA to the animals infected with T. spiralis caused remission of local histopathological changes resulting from the presence of the parasite in the small intestine after the mentioned periods. This manifested as limited villi shortening and reduced deepening of intestinal crypts. At the higher infectious dose, in animals receiving the acid solution, on the 7 th day the intestinal villi were considerably longer (356 µm ± 35) than in the group infected with T. spiralis but not treated with the acids (279 µm ± 57; P < 0.01). At a lower dose of parasites, on the 10 th day these values were 339 µm ± 88 and 306 µm ± 47 respectively and the observed differences were not statistically significant. The solution of SCFA also caused a decrease in the numbers of mature parasites in the intestine and the muscle larvae at a dose of 500 larvae/mouse. In animals receiving the SCFA, 24 050 ± 10 415 larvae were observed in muscles, while in the infected mice, which did not receive the acids, 32 875 ± 16 762 larvae were detected (P < 0.05). An increase in the intensity of infection accelerated the rate of host reaction to the presence of T. spiralis in the intestines (self-cure). To summarize, the administered solution of short chain fatty acids alleviated the formation of histopathological changes in the intestine in response to the parasite's presence, and lowered the intensity of T. spiralis invasion after infection with a higher dose of larvae.

Performance of an Escherichia coli phytase expressed in Lactococcus lactis on nutrient retention, bone traits and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens

“…The fermentation activity of L. salivarius decreased the pH environment of jejunum due to the production of short‐chain fatty acids (Majidzadeh Heravi et al, 2011). Some studied the effect of short‐chain fatty acids on histomorphology of intestine (Mista, Piekarska, Houszka, Zawadzki, & Gorczykowski, 2010; Nakamura et al, 2017) and indicated that the existence of propionic acid or butyric acid increased villus length in the rat. In addition, some probiotics could be effective on villus length, surface area and length/crypt depth (Asaduzzaman et al, 2018; Jayaraman et al, 2013).…”

Real-time PCR versus traditional and Nano-based ELISA in early detection of murine trichinellosis

“…Likewise, Mista et al (2010) reported that the number of adult Trichinella was higher at 7 dpi in mice infected with 500 larvae than those infected with 250 larvae. However, at 10 dpi they observed that the number of adults in their lightly infected group (250 larvae) was higher than in their severely infected group (500 larvae), which was contrary to our finding.…”

Effects of dietary xylooligosaccharides on growth performance, immunity and Vibrio alginolyticus resistance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Mourao et al () found that dietary XOS could promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms, regulate microecological balance and improve the intestinal morphology. The short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid that secreted by these beneficial microorganisms could be used as energy sources to promote the proliferation of mucosal cells and therefore increase the intestinal villi length (Duan et al, ; Mista, Piekarska, Houszka, Zawadzki, & Gorczykowski, ). However, concentrations of SCFAs were not determined in this study.…”