The Influence of Indoor Climate Control on Risk for Damages in Naturally Ventilated Historic Churches in Cold Climate

Kalamees, Targo; Väli, Alan; Kurik, Lembit; Napp, Margus; Arumägi, Endrik; Kallavus, Urve

doi:10.1080/15583058.2014.1003623

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Information from other fields, e.g., building physics and indoor air quality, may reveal interesting approaches and simplifications [29][30][31][32][33]. Modelling typical air change rates, moisture supply, and the indoor wood Fuel Moisture Content (FMC) may therefore be possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold Climate Structural Fire Danger Rating System?

Metallinou

Log

2018

Challenges

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Worldwide, fires kill 300,000 people every year. The fire season is usually recognized to be in the warmer periods of the year. Recent research has, however, demonstrated that the colder season also has major challenges regarding severe fires, especially in inhabited (heated) wood-based structures in cold-climate areas. Knowledge about the effect of dry cellulose-based materials on fire development, indoor and outdoor, is a motivation for monitoring possible changes in potential fire behavior and associated fire risk. The effect of wind in spreading fires to neighboring structures points towards using weather forecasts as information on potential fire spread behavior. As modern weather forecasts include temperature and relative humidity predictions, there may already be sufficient information available to develop a structural fire danger rating system. Such a system may include the following steps: (1) Record weather forecasts and actual temperature and relative humidity inside and outside selected structures; (2) Develop a meteorology-data-based model to predict indoor relative humidity levels; (3) Perform controlled drying chamber experiments involving typical hygroscopic fire fuel; (4) Compare the results to the recorded values in selected structures; and (5) Develop the risk model involving the results from drying chamber experiments, weather forecasts, and separation between structures. Knowledge about the structures at risk and their use is also important. The benefits of an automated fire danger rating system would be that the society can better plan for potentially severe cold-climate fires and thereby limit the negative impacts of such fires.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research in building physics, e.g., [30][31][32][33], may reveal the potentials of such modelling.…”

Section: A Compromise Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Climate Structural Fire Danger Rating System?

Metallinou

Log

2018

Challenges

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“…Indoor climate measurements [20] showed that RH has been high throughout the year, on the balcony 87% and near the altar 90%. This situation is similar to other unheated churches around the Baltic coast [3,21]; it is problematic due to considerable variation and too high RH, causing biodeterioration and damage to wooden objects. It is required to maintain a RH level that prevents the risk of mould growth, reduces fluctuations of air RH annually and avoids too high and too low humidity levels in the church during short term period that could cause flaking, peeling and cracking of wooden sculptures.…”

Section: Description Of the Church And Local Climatementioning

confidence: 86%

“…Previous measurements [3] have shown that indoor climate improvement is necessary to prevent mould growth and disintegration of wooden parts, like organs and altars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy use and indoor climate of conservation heating, dehumidification and adaptive ventilation for the climate control of a mediaeval church in a cold climate

Napp

Kalamees

2015

Energy and Buildings

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Biodeterioration of Pompeian mural paintings: fungal colonization favoured by the presence of volcanic material residues

Veneranda

Prieto‐Taboada

Vallejuelo

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This work was focused on the study of the biodegradation processes jeopardizing a mural painting conserved in the basement of Ariadne House (archaeological site of Pompeii, Italy). The fresco stood out for its peculiar state of preservation: the upper part, recovered in 1988, was just barely colonized by microorganisms. On the contrary, the lower part (excavated in 2005) was almost completely covered by extensive biological patinas. The genomic characterization carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) highlighted the presence of seven different fungi strains on the mural surface. Beside, in situ and laboratory analyses were performed with the purpose of identifying the causes of the heterogeneous spatial distribution of the biopatinas. The in situ Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectroscopy measurements excluded any link between the heterogeneous colonization and the original materials present in the wall. On the other side, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on microsamples proved the presence of a thin volcanic material layer overlying the lower part of the fresco. Considering that most of the biofilms of the studied mural painting only growth over these residues, it was confirmed the role of volcanic material as a suitable support for biological colonization. Thanks to the obtained results, this research helped to understand more in depth an important degradation pathway threatening the artworks from one of the most important archaeological sites in the world.

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The Influence of Indoor Climate Control on Risk for Damages in Naturally Ventilated Historic Churches in Cold Climate

Cited by 37 publications

References 21 publications

Cold Climate Structural Fire Danger Rating System?

Cold Climate Structural Fire Danger Rating System?

Energy use and indoor climate of conservation heating, dehumidification and adaptive ventilation for the climate control of a mediaeval church in a cold climate

Biodeterioration of Pompeian mural paintings: fungal colonization favoured by the presence of volcanic material residues

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