The influence of exercise and physical fitness status on attention: a systematic review

Sousa, Arilson Fernandes Mendonça de; Medeiros, André R.; Rosso, Sebastián Del; Stults‐Kolehmainen, Matthew; Boullosa, Daniel

doi:10.1080/1750984x.2018.1455889

Cited by 45 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Consequently, performance differences in facial emotion labeling and matching between low-and high-fit individuals are not simply due to the previously reported link between cardiorespiratory fitness and attention. 28 The findings provide a first indication that CRF may not only enhance facial emotion recognition, but could also protect from impairments in such social cognition abilities. Thus, maintaining a high fitness level appears to be important for police officers, because it contributes to carrying out their duties, especially in situations demanding social interaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and social cognition in healthy adults

Ludyga

Schilling

Colledge

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Purpose Whereas there is compelling evidence for an association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and executive function and attention, its relation with social cognition has not been investigated yet. However, social cognition is linked with mental health and career success in jobs with high demands on social interaction. The present study aims to examine the association between CRF and the facial emotion recognition aspect of social cognition in police officers. Methods The study utilized a cross‐sectional design. 198 male and female participants (aged 38.3 ± 1.3 years) completed the Åstrand submaximal bicycle ergometer test and their CRF was estimated using the Åstrand‐Rhyming nomogram. Additionally, a 2‐choice reaction time task and two facial emotion recognition tasks (labeling and matching) with low (emotion recognition from faces) and high (emotion recognition from eyes) difficulty trials were administered for the assessment of attention and social cognition. Results Adjusting for age, gender, education, and attention, hierarchical regression supported higher CRF to be related to higher performance on overall performance on the facial emotion labeling and matching tasks, Beta = 0.141, P = .046. With regard to difficulty levels, a similar association between CRF and task performance was found for the faces condition, Beta = 0.147, P = .043, but not for the eyes condition, Beta = 0.105, P = .132. Conclusions Social cognition appears to differ as a function of adults’ CRF level. The present findings have a high relevance for police officers, because they need to rely on this cognitive domain for many decisions in their work‐life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and social cognition in healthy adults

Ludyga

Schilling

Colledge

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Studies that met the following inclusion criteria were considered eligible: (1) full-text studies written in English, (2) studies with an intervention or cross-sectional study design, (3) studies with CSE and OSE specifically defined and discussed as independent variables, and (4) studies that identified at least one cognition-related indicator as a dependent variable. After eliminating duplicate or irrelevant articles, the remaining articles were subjected to a full-text evaluation.…”

Section: Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical exercise has the potential to improve several aspects of cognitive function over a lifetime [1], including attention [2], processing speed [3], working memory [4], and executive function [5]. Furthermore, this view is supported by many behavioral and imaging studies [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Which Type of Exercise Is More Beneficial for Cognitive Function? A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Open-Skill Exercise versus Closed-Skill Exercise among Children, Adults, and Elderly Populations

et al. 2020

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A large number of studies have described a positive relationship between physical exercise and cognition. Physical exercise can be divided into closed-skill exercise (CSE) and open-skill exercise (OSE) based on the predictability of the performance environment. It remains unknown whether either of these types of exercise is more beneficial for cognitive function. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of OSE versus CSE on cognition. Eligible studies included cross-sectional studies and intervention studies that had a clear definition of OSE and CSE, and these were used to compare the cognitive performance differences between the two classes of exercise. A total of 15 cross-sectional studies and 4 intervention studies were included in this meta-analysis. Among the cross-sectional studies, the overall effect size for OSE versus CSE was 0.304 (95% confidence interval (CI) (−0.097, 1.213); p < 0.05). Further subgroup analysis showed that the overall effect size for OSE versus CSE was 0.247 for inhibition and 0.360 for cognitive flexibility (both p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant differences between the two exercise modes were observed in the intervention studies. In particular, there were no significant differences in visuospatial attention or in processing speed between the two exercise modes. Taken together, these results suggest that OSE is superior to CSE, especially for executive function, according to the 15 cross-sectional studies examined. However, data from the intervention studies indicate that OSE is not superior. Therefore, additional well-designed, long-term intervention studies are needed to elucidate the potential efficacy of OSE in all populations.

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“…Exposure to nature, for example, promotes a state of cognitive restoration where top-down control of attention, as a limited resource, can rest and recover from fatigue (Kaplan, 1995(Kaplan, , 2001Berman et al, 2008;Ohly et al, 2016;Stevenson et al, 2018). Physical exercise is associated with immediate boosts to attention from normal baseline levels (see Fernandes et al, 2018 for review); competing theories do exist, but emphasis has been placed on intermediary factors such as cerebral blood flow, arousal, and nervous system activation, which can facilitate attention performance after exercise (Gauthier et al, 2015;McMorris, 2016). Other state training approaches include mindbody practices such as yoga or mindfulness meditation.…”

Section: Attention Enhancement and Restorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate Attention Enhancement and Restoration From Interactive and Immersive Technologies: A Scoping Review

2020

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Interactive and immersive technologies such as video games, exergames, and virtual reality are typically regarded as entertainment mediums. They also offer a multitude of health and well-being benefits. They have the capacity to incorporate established well-being techniques (e.g., mindfulness, exercise, and play) and expose users to beneficial environment settings with greater ease, improved access, and a broader appeal. The authors conducted a scoping review to explore whether these technologies could be used to benefit attention in healthy adults, that is, in a regulatory sense such as during periods of cognitive fatigue or attention-critical tasks. Research efforts have typically focused on long-term practice methods for attention enhancement with these technologies. Instead, this review provides the first attempt to unify a broad range of investigations concerned with their immediate impact on attention through state-change mechanisms. This applies the concept of attention state training and a growing evidence base, which suggests that meditative practices, exercise bouts, and nature exposures can provide short-term improvements in attentional performance following brief interactions. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases resulted in 11 peer-reviewed articles (13 experimental trials) each including at least one objective measure of attention directly following the use of an interactive or immersive technology. Most studies involved interactive technologies (i.e., video games and exergames), whereas there were three immersive interventions in the form of virtual reality. The comparisons between baseline and postintervention showed mostly no effect on attention, although there were five cases of improved attention. There were no instances of negative effects on attention. The results are significant considering mounting concerns that technology use could be detrimental for cognitive functioning. The positive effects reported here indicate a need to specify the type of technology in question and bring attention to positive vs. negative technology interactions. Implications for the literature concerning attention state training are discussed considering promising effects of technology exposures geared toward flow state induction. Significant gaps in the literature are identified regarding the implementation of traditional attention state training practices.

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The influence of exercise and physical fitness status on attention: a systematic review

Cited by 45 publications

References 86 publications

Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and social cognition in healthy adults

Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and social cognition in healthy adults

Which Type of Exercise Is More Beneficial for Cognitive Function? A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Open-Skill Exercise versus Closed-Skill Exercise among Children, Adults, and Elderly Populations

Immediate Attention Enhancement and Restoration From Interactive and Immersive Technologies: A Scoping Review

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