The influence of ambient temperature on tailpipe emissions from 1984–1987 model year light-duty gasoline motor vehicles

Stump, Fred D.; Tejada, Silvestre B.; Ray, William D.; Dropkin, D.; Black, Frank; Crews, William; Snow, Richard; Siudak, Paula; Davis, C.O.; Baker, Linnie; Perry, Ned

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(89)90579-9

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This difference is consistent with the colder seasons of the Boulder data and with the special air pollution control measures instituted in the Boulder‐Denver urban area. For gasoline fueled vehicles, CO emissions are significantly increased by lower ambient temperatures [ Stump et al , 1989]. NO x emissions are also increased, but to a lesser extent, so the emission ratio is higher in colder weather.…”

Section: Measurements and Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal change in carbon monoxide to nitrogen oxide ratio in U.S. vehicular emissions

et al. 2002

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[1] Accurate emission inventories and their temporal trends must be incorporated into pollutant inventories to allow for reliable modeling of the country's past, present, and future air quality. Measured carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NO x ) concentrations from two urban areas show that the CO/NO x vehicular emission ratio has decreased at an average rate of 7-9% per year from 1987 to 1999. This amounts to a factor of nearly 3 over the 12 years. The current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency tabulations of estimated pollutant emission trends indicate a rate of decrease smaller by a factor of 2-3. The trend in maximum ambient CO levels in U.S. cities suggests a 5.2 ± 0.8% per year average annual decrease in CO vehicular emissions, which implies a 2-3% annual increase in NO x emissions from vehicles. Thus over the decade of the 1990s, annual U.S. CO emissions from vehicles have decreased from $65 to $38 Tg, representing approximate decreases of 6 and 3% in the annual global fuel-use CO emissions and in total global anthropogenic CO emissions, respectively. It is expected that the volatile organic compound (VOC)/NO x vehicular exhaust emission ratio has decreased similarly, implying that the character of atmospheric photochemistry in U.S. urban areas has changed significantly over the decade.

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Section: Measurements and Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal change in carbon monoxide to nitrogen oxide ratio in U.S. vehicular emissions

et al. 2002

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“…There are multiple mechanisms by which ambient temperature could affect vehicular VOC emissions. For example, increases in temperature can decrease excess emissions associated with cold engine starting; this effect is most significant in winter [ Braddock , 1981; Stump et al , 1989]. Use of vehicle air conditioning on hot days leads to increased fuel consumption, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxide emissions [ Welstand et al , 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence of volatile organic compound evaporative emissions from motor vehicles

Rubin¹,

Kean²,

Harley³

et al. 2006

J. Geophys. Res.

125

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[1] A chemical mass balance approach is used to determine the relative contributions of evaporative versus tailpipe sources to motor vehicle volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. Contributions were determined by reconciling time-resolved ambient VOC concentrations measured downwind of Sacramento, California, in summer 2001 with source speciation profiles. A composite liquid fuel speciation profile was determined from gasoline samples collected at Sacramento area service stations. Vapor-liquid equilibrium relationships were used to determine the corresponding headspace vapor composition. VOC concentrations measured in a highway tunnel were used to define the composition of running vehicle emissions. The chemical mass balance analysis indicated that headspace vapor contributions ranged from 7 to 29% of total vehicle-related VOC depending on time of day and day of week, with a mean daytime contribution of 17.0 ± 0.9% (mean ± 95% CI). A positive association between the headspace vapor contribution and ambient air temperature was found for afternoon hours. We estimate a 6.5 ± 2.5% increase in vapor pressure-driven evaporative emissions and at least a 1.3 ± 0.4% increase in daily total (exhaust plus evaporative) VOC emissions from motor vehicles per degree Celsius increase in maximum temperature.

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“…Winter-grade gasolines, which would have been used in Boise during the current study, are blended to have higher vapor pressures, which usually include increased amounts of butanes and pentanes. Most detailed hydrocarbon data available on tailpipe emission rates, however, are limited to test procedures and studies carried out under relatively mild temperatures, Le., 20-50 "C. Preliminary information suggests that during the winter months tailpipe emissions have increased fractions of unsaturated hydrocarbons, especially acetylene (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Identification of volatile hydrocarbons as mobile source tracers for fine-particulate organics

Zweidinger¹,

Stevens²,

Lewis³

et al. 1990

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The influence of ambient temperature on tailpipe emissions from 1984–1987 model year light-duty gasoline motor vehicles

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Decadal change in carbon monoxide to nitrogen oxide ratio in U.S. vehicular emissions

Decadal change in carbon monoxide to nitrogen oxide ratio in U.S. vehicular emissions

Temperature dependence of volatile organic compound evaporative emissions from motor vehicles

Identification of volatile hydrocarbons as mobile source tracers for fine-particulate organics

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