The Induction of Adventitious Roots Regeneration before Transplanting Rootless Ficus elastica Heritage Tree

Abstract

Heritage trees carry both botanical and historical value for a city’s resilience and sustainability and hence are precious and unique. Their transplant is costly and very rare due to tremendous cost and 100% survival requirement by law. Rootless transplant is even more detrimental to the heritage tree due to removal of roots infected by brown root rot (BRR) before transplanting. This study examined the adventitious roots (AR) induction ability of the Ficus elastica Roxb. heritage tree infected with BRR. The experimental design considered three factors: root diameter (RD), wounding method (WM), and auxin solution on aerial roots under fractional factorial experiment in completely randomized design (CRD). There were four RD groups: RDI (RD < 2 cm), RDII (2 ≤ RD ≤ 4.3 cm), RDIII (4.3 < RD ≤ 22), and RDIV (RD > 22); three WMs: cutting off (CF), girdling (GD), and rectangular shape peeling (RP) of aerial roots; and three auxin solutions: 2000 mg·L−1 IBA(Indole-3-butyric acid) (2B), 2000 mg·L−1 IBA + 2000 mg·L−1 NAA(1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) (2NB), and 4000 mg·L−1 IBA (4B) plus water as control (C). The number of rooting wounds, number of roots, and the mean length of the three longest adventitious roots in each wound were recorded to evaluate the AR rooting performance. Twenty four treatment combinations including 328 wounds were tested. The results showed that rooting ability was significantly correlated with RD and WM. Smaller RDs had better rooting and declined with increased RDs. CF had the best rooting followed by GD and then RP. Auxin solution did not significantly affect the rooting ability. It may be due to the abundant endogenous auxin in the heritage tree, which mitigated the effect of exogenous auxin for AR induction. We conclude that cutting off small-diameter aerial roots is the best approach to induce ARs from rootless F. elastica heritage trees to enhance transplantation success.

Response of ‘Bignay’ [Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng] to cutting origins, IBA and BioGroe treatments

“…J. F. Macbr. respectively (31,32,33). Their findings showed that the rooting hormone treatment tested by them did not influence the number of roots per cutting, percentage of rooted cuttings, percentage of cuttings with callus and length of the longest roots per cuttings.…”

Mini-Review of Phytochemicals of Ten Ficus Species

“…Chemical compounds from various plant parts have been extracted and isolated using different extraction techniques. Dimethyl Sulfoxide, 1,2-diethyl-Cyclooctane, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-Furancarboxaldehyde, and (1-methylethyl)-Cyclohexane has been isolated from the fruit of F. carica [19,20]; α-cadinol, germacrene-D-4-ol, γ-cadinene, and α-muurolene isolated from leaves of F. benghalensis [21][22][23], chlorogenic, p-coumaric, ferulic and syringic acids isolated from F. benjamina roots [24][25][26]; and C-8 glucoside, isoquercitrin-6-O-4-hydroxybenzoate, and quercetin-3-O-β-rhamnoside from leaves of F. exasperata [27][28][29]. Among biological activities identified from different parts of Ficus sp were antibacterial, anticancer [30,22]; antioxidation [31][32][33]; and anti-inflammatory [34][35][36].…”