The Indian Bidi Industry: Trends in Employment and Wage Differentials

Arora, Monika; Datta, Pritam; Barman, Avnika; Sinha, Parikhit; Munish, Vineet Gill; Bahl, Deepika; Bhaumik, Soumyadeep; Nazar, Gaurang P.; Tullu, Fikru

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.572638

Cited by 10 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…With its geographic location, relatively homogenous culture and smaller population, policy implementation has been less challenging than in larger countries on several counts. For many countries, economic considerations, illicit tobacco trade, and industry interference are major challenges (37)(38)(39)(40)(41) for tobacco control. For many low-and middle-income nations, the variety of tobacco products including smokeless varieties (42), further complicates the issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical issues for e-cigarette control policies in Australia

Bhaumik¹

2022

IJME

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Although tobacco smoking in Australia is at a historical low, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, especially among the youth is increasing. Policies around e-cigarette control in Australia are currently evolving, even during the pandemic, thus demonstrating its priority status. The current article discusses ethical issues for e-cigarette control policies in Australia using a public health ethics framework. The article is structured using the domains of the WHO-MPOWER framework of tobacco control to enable a comprehensive coverage of all elements of e-cigarette control policies in Australia. It highlights several ethical issues, from different stakeholder perspectives, and indicates moral and ethical tensions in different public health actions that might be considered in framing policies around e-cigarette control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical issues for e-cigarette control policies in Australia

Bhaumik¹

2022

IJME

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“…The manufacture of bidis is a small-scale cottage and home-based activity employing a large number of women and children, working without any protection and exposed to tobacco dust 10 11. In India, while official data peg the number at about 4 million,12 the industry claims to employ 10 million workers13 and misuses exaggerated figures and the vulnerability of the poor to oppose tobacco control policies. The farmers group, Federation of All India Farmer Association, for example, claimed tax increases will affect the livelihood of millions of tobacco growers and farm workers 14…”

Section: Smoked Tobacco: Bidis Versus Cigarettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

South Asia’s evolving tobacco hydra: moving from quandary to hope

Gupta

Puntambekar

Assunta³

2022

Tob Control

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The South Asian region occupies a unique place in global tobacco control because of a broad spectrum of widely used tobacco products and the consequent mix of local and transnational tobacco industries. Cigarette use is especially high among males in many countries, while bidis are widely used in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, and are very inexpensive. Smokeless tobacco use is a global problem, but the bulk of use is in South Asia and there is emerging promotion of newly developed tobacco and nicotine products across the region. With the transnational cigarette industry contributing a significant amount in taxes, the bidi industry employing millions of workers and many farmers engaged in tobacco farming, the industry is powerful and exploits this when countering proposed advancements in tobacco control policy. Despite industry interference and major challenges, this region has achieved remarkable successes in tobacco control, including large pictorial warnings that cover up to 80%–90% of the pack in some countries, stringent rules on depiction of tobacco in movies, bans on advertising and promotion, and smoke-free public places. Key challenges include increasing the tax component of retail prices and reducing tax concessions, regulating newly developed products and countering the aggressive tactics of the tobacco industry. Strategies to advance tobacco control in the region may also include standardised packaging of tobacco products, sustained mass media campaigns to warn the population of the harms of tobacco use and promote use of available cost-covered cessation services, and supply-side measures such as vendor licensing.

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“…Evidence from epidemiological studies suggest that bidi smoking is associated with many health risks like severe respiratory impairment, increased risk of oral cancer and lung cancer, all-cause mortality, and adverse cardiorespiratory outcomes 2,3 . Apart from the adverse health outcomes among bidi smokers, bidi rollers are exposed to several occupational health hazards because of long working hours and unhealthy work environment 4 . Bidi manufacturing is an agro-forest based cottage industry and is generally rolled at home.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental risks and occupational health hazards of bidi workers and their communities in India: protocol for systematic scoping review

Tyagi

Beri

Bhaumik

2022

Preprint

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Background: Tobacco consumption is a leading preventable cause of disease and premature deaths. In India bidis are the most common form of smoking tobacco product. Bidi manufacturing is an agro-forest based cottage industry and is generally rolled at home. These workers are exposed to nicotine, tar and other particles through skin leading to occupational health risks in not only themselves but also in their families and communities. There are concerns on environmental risks of bidi manufacturing in home too. Aim: To assess the environmental risks and occupational health hazards of bidi workers and their communities in India. Method: We will conduct a scoping review to identify, map and analyse evidence around environmental risks and occupational health hazards in bidi workers and their families and communities. We will search in seven electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE+EMBASE Classic, CINAHL, Environment complete-EBSCO, GreenFILE-EBSCO, Web of Science and WHO-IRIS). Screening will be done independently by at least two reviewers, with disagreements resolve by consensus. We will extract data for the included studies using a standardised data extraction in an independent fashion, with disagreements resolved by consensus. We will conduct a narrative synthesis.

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The Indian Bidi Industry: Trends in Employment and Wage Differentials

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Ethical issues for e-cigarette control policies in Australia

Ethical issues for e-cigarette control policies in Australia

South Asia’s evolving tobacco hydra: moving from quandary to hope

Environmental risks and occupational health hazards of bidi workers and their communities in India: protocol for systematic scoping review

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