Introduction: A core outcome set (COS) is a minimal list of consensus outcomes that should be used in all intervention research in a specific domain. COS enhance the ability to undertake meaningful comparisons and to understand the benefits or harms of different treatments. A first step in developing a COS is to identify outcomes that have been used previously. We did this global systematic review to provide the foundation for development of a region-specific COS for snakebite envenomation. Methods: We searched 15 electronic databases, eight trial registries, and reference lists of included studies to identify reports of relevant trials, protocols, registry records and systematic reviews. We extracted verbatim data on outcomes, their definitions, measures, and time-points. Outcomes were classified as per an existing outcome taxonomy, and we identified unique outcomes based on similarities in the definition and measurement of the verbatim outcomes. Results: We included 107 records for 97 studies which met our inclusion criteria. These reported 538 outcomes, with a wide variety of outcome measures, definitions, and time points for measurement. We consolidated these into 88 unique outcomes, which we classified into core areas of mortality (1, 1.14 %), life impact (6, 6.82%), resource use (15, 17.05%), adverse events (7, 7.95%), physiological/clinical (51, 57.95%), and composite (8, 9.09%) outcomes. The types of outcomes varied by the type of intervention, and by geographic region. Only 15 of the 97 trials (17.04%) listed Patient Related Outcome Measures (PROMS). Conclusion: Trials evaluating interventions for snakebite demonstrate heterogeneity on outcomes and often omit important information related to outcome measurement (definitions, instruments, and time points). Developing high quality, region-specific COS for snakebite could inform the design of future trials and improve outcome reporting. Measurement of PROMS, resource use and life impact outcomes in trials on snakebite remains a gap.
Background: Tobacco consumption is a leading preventable cause of disease and premature deaths. In India bidis are the most common form of smoking tobacco product. Bidi manufacturing is an agro-forest based cottage industry and is generally rolled at home. These workers are exposed to nicotine, tar and other particles through skin leading to occupational health risks in not only themselves but also in their families and communities. There are concerns on environmental risks of bidi manufacturing in home too. Aim: To assess the environmental risks and occupational health hazards of bidi workers and their communities in India. Method: We will conduct a scoping review to identify, map and analyse evidence around environmental risks and occupational health hazards in bidi workers and their families and communities. We will search in seven electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE+EMBASE Classic, CINAHL, Environment complete-EBSCO, GreenFILE-EBSCO, Web of Science and WHO-IRIS). Screening will be done independently by at least two reviewers, with disagreements resolve by consensus. We will extract data for the included studies using a standardised data extraction in an independent fashion, with disagreements resolved by consensus. We will conduct a narrative synthesis.
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