The incidence of severe physical child abuse in Wales

Sibert, Jonathan Richard; Payne, Elspeth; Kemp, Alison; Barber, Michelle; Rolfe, Kim; Morgan, RJ; Lyons, Ronan A.; Butler, Ian

doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(01)00324-6

Cited by 81 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We included a study only if it: (1) addressed the epidemiology of NAT in children; and (2) was a population-based surveillance study. One article fit these criteria [43]; therefore, it was decided to present a more generalized review of the epidemiology of NAT by exploring common themes in the abstracts returned in our literature search. Additional papers were identified through the reference lists of these papers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lowest reported incidence of 0.47 per 100,000 was from a population-based study in Wales in the 6-to 14-year-old age group [43]. The reported incidence may vary based on age group [43], the year in which the study was performed [10], and study design [3].…”

Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general incidence of NAT ranges from 0.47 per 100,000 to 2000 per 100,000 [2,3,9,10,43] (Table 1). The lowest reported incidence of 0.47 per 100,000 was from a population-based study in Wales in the 6-to 14-year-old age group [43].…”

Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, one study did report a substantial bias toward males in a review of children who sustained fractures as a result of NAT [28]. The risk of NAT is inversely related to the age of the child with most victims being younger than 2 years of age [1,3,25,43]. There are mixed results regarding whether a particular race is at greater risk for experiencing NAT [9,[24][25][26]28].…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a wide range in the reported incidence of NAT, ranging from 0.47 per 100,000 to 2000 per 100,000 [2,43]. A wide range of risk factors have been investigated, including birth order and family structure to whether the perpetrator had been abused as a child [3,6,14,30,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Epidemiology of Nonaccidental Trauma in Children

Mulpuri

Slobogean

Tredwell

2011

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Abuse of children is abhorrent in Western society and, yet, is not uncommon. Nonaccidental trauma (NAT) is the result of a complex sociopathology. Not all of the causative factors of NAT are known, many are incompletely described, not all function in each case, and many are secondary to preexisting pathology in other areas. Questions/purposes We therefore addressed the following questions in this review: (1) Conclusions It is important to consider child, family, and societal factors when confronted with suspicions of child abuse. Our review demonstrates the currently limited information on the true incidence of NAT. To determine a much more accurate incidence of NAT, there needs to be a population-based surveillance program conducted through primary care providers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Epidemiology of Nonaccidental Trauma in Children

Mulpuri

Slobogean

Tredwell

2011

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Abusive Head Trauma in Infants During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Paris Metropolitan Area

et al. 2022

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IMPORTANCEThe COVID-19 pandemic and the containment and mitigation measures taken were feared to be associated with increased child abuse. OBJECTIVE To investigate the trend of abusive head trauma (AHT) incidence and severity in infants during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSIn a time-series analysis of a longitudinal, populationbased, cohort study, all consecutive cases of AHT in infants younger than 12 months old referred between January 2017 and December 2021 to Necker Hospital for Sick Children, the single regional pediatric neurosurgery center for the Paris metropolitan area, were included. AHT was defined as 1 or more subdural hemorrhage and a positive multidisciplinary evaluation after a social, clinical, biological, and radiological workup. Data were analyzed from January to March 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcome was the monthly incidence of AHT, which was analyzed using Poisson regression modeling. Secondary outcomes included mortality and severe morbidity and were studied with logistic and linear regressions. The monthly incidence of neurosurgical interventions for hydrocephalus was used as a control series. RESULTS Among the 99 included infants with AHT (median [IQR] age, 4 [3-6] months; 64 boys[65%]), 86 of 99 (87%) had bridging vein thrombosis, 74 of 99 (75%) had retinal hemorrhages, 23 of 72 (32%) had fractures, 26 of 99 (26%) had status epilepticus, 20 of 99 (20%) had skin injuries, 53 of 99 (54%) underwent neurosurgical interventions, and 13 of 99 (13%) died. Compared with the prepandemic period (2017-2019), AHT incidence was stable in 2020 (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.59-1.77) and then significantly increased in 2021 (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.23-2.99). The severity of AHT worsened in 2021 in terms of mortality (odds ratio 9.39; 95% CI, 1.88-47.00). Other secondary outcomes and the control series were not significantly modified. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this cohort study, a marked increase in AHT incidence and severity occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Paris metropolitan area. These results suggest the need for clinical awareness and preventive actions.

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‘Violent’ deaths of children in England and Wales and the major developed countries 1974–2002: possible evidence of improving child protection?

Pritchard

Sharples

2008

Child Abuse Review

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Child protection services are criticised for failing to prevent abuse but demonstrating successful prevention is impossible as it is trying to prove a 'negative'. The alternative is to examine 'failures', i.e. the 'violent' deaths of children (0-14 years) to indicate whether matters are improving or deteriorating. This paper uses the latest World Health Organisation data to compare children's 'violent' deaths in England and Wales with those in other major developed countries.To account for possible 'hidden' under-reported abuse deaths, undetermined, i.e. 'other external causes of death' (OECD) and fatal accidents and adverse events (AAE), deaths are also analysed along with homicides, to compare all 'violence-related' deaths between 1974 -76 and 2000 -02. England and Wales infant (<1 year) homicide rates were annually 57 per million but fell to 17 per million, a 74% fall. Infant AAE deaths fell in every country with England and Wales falling from 341 per million to 71 per million, a 76% reduction. Both these results were significantly better than those of eight other major developed countries, although England and Wales infant OECD at 26 per million, were high compared to the major developed countries.In the 1970s, combined 'violent' deaths of all children (0-14 years) (homicide, OECD and AAE) in England and Wales were 203 per million, they are now 61 per million, a 70% decline with only Italy having lower rates. The worst rates were in the USA which had the highest combined 'violent' death rate. These overall results in the major reductions of 'violence-related' deaths in England and Wales can be a boost to the morale of front-line staff and provide the public

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The incidence of severe physical child abuse in Wales

Cited by 81 publications

References 9 publications

The Epidemiology of Nonaccidental Trauma in Children

The Epidemiology of Nonaccidental Trauma in Children

Abusive Head Trauma in Infants During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Paris Metropolitan Area

‘Violent’ deaths of children in England and Wales and the major developed countries 1974–2002: possible evidence of improving child protection?

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