The importance of grid integration for achievable greenhouse gas emissions reductions from alternative vehicle technologies

Tarroja, Brian; Shaffer, Brendan; Samuelsen, Scott

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2015.05.012

Cited by 56 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The systems modeled in HiGRID are composed of generation resources, both renewable and conventional, and additional complementary resources such as energy storage and demand side-management strategies that all act to balance the system by not only providing sufficient energy to meet the demand, but also providing sufficient generation reserves to maintain reliability. The methodology of the energy storage model developed in HiGRID, which uses settings for power and energy capacity to smooth the net load profile of the grid, is available from Eichman et al [56] and Tarroja et al, [54]. While the absolute energy values from HiGRID are not directly applicable here; they provide a reasonable estimate of potential emission reductions from the electricity sector under high renewable penetrations supporting the fueling needs of FCEV via renewable electrolysis in CA.…”

Section: Case Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emissions from the infrastructure needed to produce and distribute hydrogen for vehicle fueling is an essential component of overall FCEV AQ impacts. For this work it is assumed that hydrogen is generated from water electrolysis using renewable electricity and distributed to fueling site via pipeline as modeled in Tarroja et al, [54]. Therefore, emissions from hydrogen infrastructure are not assumed to increase over background levels in 2055.…”

Section: Case Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 35% reduction level is representative of several of the cases in Ref. [54] for 205 GW installed renewables in CA, and the 75% reduction level is representative of several of the cases in Ref. [54] for 475 GW installed renewables in CA.…”

Section: Case Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[54] for 205 GW installed renewables in CA, and the 75% reduction level is representative of several of the cases in Ref. [54] for 475 GW installed renewables in CA. One Case, the FCEV 50 No Electric, is assessed with power plant emissions held constant to the baseline to provide insight into the comparative impacts relative to other sources.…”

Section: Case Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air quality impacts of fuel cell electric hydrogen vehicles with high levels of renewable power generation

Kinnon

Shaffer

Carreras-Sospedra

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Section: Case Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Air quality impacts of fuel cell electric hydrogen vehicles with high levels of renewable power generation

Kinnon

Shaffer

Carreras-Sospedra

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Taking this into account, the actual carbon emission factor (the so-called "weighted" carbon emission factor) is significantly higher than the "average" carbon emission factor. Studies, such as those from Tarroja et al [23] and Ma et al [24], account for these differences by using grid models or making assumptions regarding how the average emission factor may change depending on the amount of natural gas generation required.…”

Section: Light Duty Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 5. Assessing the Need for High Impact Technology Research, Development & Deployment for Mitigating Climate Change

et al. 2016

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Technology is a centrally important component of all strategies to mitigate climate change. As such, it encompasses a multi-dimensional space that is far too large to be fully addressed in this brief chapter. Consequently, we have elected to focus on a subset of topics that we believe have the potential for substantial impact. As researchers, we have also narrowed our focus to address applied research, development and deployment issues and omit basic research topics that have a longer-term impact. This handful of topics also omits technologies that we deem to be relatively mature, such as solar photovoltaics and wind turbines, even though we acknowledge that additional research could further reduce costs and enhance performance. These and other mature technologies such as transportation are discussed in Chapter 6.This report and the related Summit Conference are an outgrowth of the University of California President's Carbon Neutrality Initiative, and consequently we are strongly motivated by the special demands of this ambitious goal, as we are also motivated by the corresponding goals for the State of California, the nation and the world. The unique feature of the UC Carbon Neutrality Initiative is the quest to achieve zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2025 at all ten 10 campuses. It should be emphasized that a zero emission target is enormously demanding and requires careful strategic planning to arrive at a mix of technologies, policies, and behavioral measures, as well as highly effective communication -all of which are far more challenging than reducing emissions by some 40% or even 80%. Each campus has a unique set of requirements based on its current energy and emissions. Factors such as a local climate, dependence on cogeneration, access to wholesale electricity markets, and whether a medical school is included shape the specific challenges of the campuses, each of which is a "living laboratory" setting a model for others to learn and adopt.An additional aspect of a zero GHG emission target is the need to pay close attention to system integration -i.e., how the various elements of a plan to achieve carbon neutrality fit together in the most cost effective and efficient way. This optimization imposes an additional constraint, but also provides an important opportunity to capture the synergies that can arise from those choices. For example, one of the themes that has been proposed is the complete electrification of energy supplies, residential & commercial building operation, and transportation. The deployment of storage technologies such as batteries and/or hydrogen for both transportation and for load balancing of grid and distributed generation may provide some synergistic opportunities for integrating these systems that will accelerate the deployment of each. A specific example is the use of on-board batteries in electric vehicles for load balancing the electric grid. On-site residential storage as is now being developed by Tesla Motors, has the potential to accelerate the deployment of residential sol...

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Zukunft des Stadtverkehrs – Rahmenbedingungen, Trends, Szenarien

Vallée

Kuhnimhof

Liedtke

2021

Stadtverkehrsplanung Band 1

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The importance of grid integration for achievable greenhouse gas emissions reductions from alternative vehicle technologies

Cited by 56 publications

References 30 publications

Air quality impacts of fuel cell electric hydrogen vehicles with high levels of renewable power generation

Air quality impacts of fuel cell electric hydrogen vehicles with high levels of renewable power generation

Chapter 5. Assessing the Need for High Impact Technology Research, Development & Deployment for Mitigating Climate Change

Zukunft des Stadtverkehrs – Rahmenbedingungen, Trends, Szenarien

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