The importance of critical infrastructures and strategic planning in the context of extreme events, climate change and urbanization has been underscored recently in international policy frameworks, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Sendai -HABITAT 2016). This paper outlines key research challenges in addressing the nexus between extreme weather events, critical infrastructure resilience, human vulnerability and strategic planning. Using a structured expert dialogue approach (particularly based on a roundtable discussion funded by the German National Science Foundation (DFG)), the paper outlines emerging research issues in the context of extreme events, critical infrastructures, human vulnerability and strategic planning, providing perspectives for inter-and transdisciplinary research on this important nexus. The main contribution of the paper is a compilation of identified research gaps and needs from an interdisciplinary perspective including the lack of integration across subjects and mismatches between different concepts and schools of thought.
The goal of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is the integral and comprehensive digital modeling of all properties regarding a building, its planning and construction process as well as maintenance and use. This is combined with the overarching objective within BIM to integrate and support all involved experts aiming towards an improved collaboration. Currently the necessary data often only exists in a very fragmented and uncoordinated way throughout different subsections, as well as planning and construction phases. A lack of organized information management is especially noticeable in finalized built objectives during questions of conversion and refurbishment. BIM tries to mediate between the different views of its users and allows for a coordinated accumulation of data, as well as synchronously keeping the planning status up to date. However, in most cases essential information is missing or not used throughout the complete lifecycle of the building. Consequently, there are clear gaps between the different phases of planning, construction and maintenance. Within this paper, we give an evaluation of applicable methods for data collection and modeling of the actual inventory of components with regard to position, geometry and semantics (e.g. material) for the purpose of a comprehensive and BIM-compliant as-built documentation. This allows the analysis of missing interfaces and data. Considered from a process automation viewpoint, we identify missing BIM data e.g. for assembly processes within construction in order to create a BIM-aided planning process that continues into actual fabrication and construction. Based on this, we discuss possibilities for the implementation of user requirements in order to develop a comprehensive semi-automated decision support tool for BIM users. Primary goal is to provide concepts for the integration of construction processes as well as options for conversion planning and construction of buildings. These targets imply a continuous updating of the BIM models (including the semantic parameters) from a continuous 'as-built' acquisition and modeling of the construction progress. While BIM primarily is being discussed as a cooperative working methodology in the new planning of buildings, we also consider the required information for future conversion and refurbishment of the building and the required level of development, in order to complete the lifecycle approach of BIM.
Rapid urbanization and motorization in developing countries are empirically engendering the unsustainable urban transport. Jakarta is now suffering from its negative consequences such as traffic congestion, accident, air pollution, noise, resources depletion, and environmental degradation. The implementation of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Jakarta as one of the innovative urban transport policy in Indonesia is expected to overcome the urban transport problems and contribute to sustainability transition. Unfortunately, after a decade of BRT operation, the daily patronage has been declining over years and the traffic congestion in Jakarta is still deteriorating. There is a growing awareness of the governments of Indonesia towards more sustainable urban transport that states in the National MidTerm Development Planning 2015-2019 to give a priority for the improvement and development of rapid transit system in urban areas, including the further development of BRT Jakarta and its dissemination to other cities in Indonesia. However, for the effective urban transport improvement, the barriers which impede a shift to more sustainable transport need to be identified. This study aims to identify barriers encountered in the implementation of BRT Jakarta so that the question of why the progress towards sustainability has been slow through this system can be answered. Strategic Niche Management (SNM) approach is adopted to reveal the barriers in the implementation process and the operation of BRT Jakarta. The important measures in the implementation process such as decisionmaking framework, financing system, and approval procedure are described. The result shows that technological, government policy and political, and the control of infrastructure and maintenance aspects are the main barriers that hinder the effective implementation and further development of BRT Jakarta. The barriers identified in this study may be useful for the planners and policy makers in Indonesia and other developing countries to establish implementation-oriented strategies towards more sustainable urban transport.
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