The Impact of the Fusarium Toxin Deoxynivalenol (DON) on Poultry

Awad, W. A.; Ghareeb, K.; Böhm, Josef; Razzazi, E; Hellweg, Petra; Zentek, Jürgen

doi:10.3923/ijps.2008.827.842

Cited by 39 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Although BW and feed intake were numerically the lowest in group DON5 and the highest in group DON2.5, this was statistically not significant. It has been mentioned by Awad et al (2008) that …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that an efficient clearance takes place due to a hepatic or renal firstpass effect in chickens. The oral administration of 14 C-DON to chickens showed high radioactivity in the liver and bile, with more than 90% of the original label occurring in the excreta before 48 h (Awad et al, 2008). Another experiment showed that in hens administered 3 H-DON, an overwhelming amount of radioactivity was detected in the urine, demonstrating the absorption of DON by the digestive system (Lun et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the liver, as a direct target of DON, was chosen to analyse the gene expression with microarrays. It has been suggested that cells and tissues with high protein turnover rate, such as the liver and small intestine, are most affected by DON (Awad et al, 2008). It was also observed that fast-growing broilers are more susceptible to DON than laying hens (Rotter et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated wheat containing deoxynivalenol alters the gene expression in the liver and the jejunum of broilers

Dietrich

Neuenschwander

Bucher

et al. 2012

Animal

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The effects of mycotoxins in the production of animal feed were investigated using broiler chickens. For the feeding trial, naturally Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated wheat was used, which mainly contained deoxynivalenol (DON). The main effects of DON are reduction of the feed intake and reduced weight gain of broilers. At the molecular level, DON binds to the 60 S ribosomal subunit and subsequently inhibits protein synthesis at the translational level. However, little is known about other effects of DON, for example, at the transcriptional level. Therefore, a microarray analysis was performed, which allows the investigation of thousands of transcripts in one experiment. In the experiment, 20 broilers were separated into four groups of five broilers each at day 1 after hatching. The diets consisted of a control diet and three diets with calculated, moderate concentrations of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg DON/kg feed, which was attained by exchanging uncontaminated wheat with naturally mycotoxin-contaminated wheat up to the intended DON concentration. The broilers were held at standard conditions for 23 days. Three microarrays were used per group to determine the significant alterations of the gene expression in the liver (P , 0.05), and qPCR was performed on the liver and the jejunum to verify the results. No significant difference in BW, feed intake or feed conversion rate was observed. The nutrient uptake into the hepatic and jejunal cells seemed to be influenced by genes: SLC2A5 (fc: 21.54, DON2.5), which facilitates glucose and fructose transport and SLC7A10 (fc: 11.49, DON5), a transporter of D-serine and other neutral amino acids. In the jejunum, the palmitate transport might be altered by SLC27A4 (fc: 21.87, DON5) and monocarboxylates uptake by SLC16A1 (fc: 21.47, DON5). The alterations of the SLC gene expression may explain the reduced weight gain of broilers chronically exposed to DON-contaminated wheat. The decreased expressions of EIF2AK3 (fc: 21.29, DON2.5/5) and DNAJC3 (fc: 21.44, DON2.5) seem to be related to the translation inhibition. The binding of DON to the 60 S ribosomal subunit and the subsequent translation inhibition might be counterbalanced by the downregulation of EIF2AK3 and DNAJC3. The genes PARP1, MPG, EME1, XPAC, RIF1 and CHAF1B are mainly related to single-strand DNA modifications and showed an increased expression in the group with 5 mg DON/kg feed. The results indicate that significantly altered gene expression was already occurring at 2.5 mg DON/kg feed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated wheat containing deoxynivalenol alters the gene expression in the liver and the jejunum of broilers

Dietrich

Neuenschwander

Bucher

et al. 2012

Animal

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“…Awad et al (2006) reported that in broilers fed wheat artificially contaminated with DON (10 mg·kg -1 ) small intestinal morphology was altered, especially in the duodenum and jejunum. On the other hand, Canady et al (2002) suggested that artificially contaminated diets are less toxic than naturally contaminated diets and Awad et al (2008) supposed higher toxicological risk of naturally contaminated grains because of synergic interactions between multiple mycotoxins. In our study, only mild alterations indicative of atrophy of intestinal villi were found after the addition of 3 mg·kg -1 DON to diet for 2 weeks of the experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duodenal morphology and immune responses of broiler chickens fed low doses of deoxynivalenol

et al. 2013

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Morphometry and flow cytometry for intraepithelial lymphocyte phenotyping were used to determine the changes in duodenal mucosae after administration of low doses of deoxynivalenol in chickens. Moreover, functions of phagocytes and immunocompetent cells in peripheral blood were evaluated by flow cytometry. In total, sixty chickens of Ross hybrid broilers 308 were used in this experiment. Two experimental groups of 20 birds were continually fed for 14 days a diet containing deoxynivalenol at a dose of 1 and 3 mg·kg -1; 20 birds of the control group were fed uncontaminated diet. Morphometry showed only tendency to decrease the height of villi and surface area of duodenal mucosae in chickens fed the diet supplemented with 3 mg·kg -1 deoxynivalenol. Phenotyping of intraepithelial lymphocytes showed a decrease of CD45+ (P < 0.034) in duodenum of birds fed diets supplemented with deoxynivalenol. Examination of white blood cells showed a decrease of monocytes (P < 0.020) in chickens fed 3 mg·kg -1 of deoxynivalenol. Both experimental groups revealed higher metabolic burst of peripheral blood heterophils (P < 0.001). Phenotyping of immunocompetent cells showed an increase (P < 0.003) of CD3+ and a decrease (P < 0.001) of MHC II+ cells in peripheral blood of chickens fed with 3 mg·kg -1 dose of deoxynivalenol. The experimental feeding of chickens with deoxynivalenol resulted in immunomodulation of immunocompetent cells in duodenum and blood with mild atrophy of intestinal villi, mainly after the feeding of the dose of 3 mg·kg -1 . We proved that even low doses of deoxynivalenol can cause changes in haemathological, immunological and morphological profiles already during two weeks, and lead to the activation of compensatoryadaptive mechanisms with unfavourable impact on health and performance of birds.

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“…Trichothecenes inhibit RNA, DNA and protein synthesis by binding to the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes and disrupting the activity of peptidyl transferase. This induces a signal-mediated ''ribotoxic stress response'', which leads to a decrease in cell proliferation (Awad et al, 2008;Kouadio et al, 2007Kouadio et al, , 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and combined cytotoxic effects of Fusarium toxins (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins B1) on swine jejunal epithelial cells

Wan¹,

Turner²,

El-Nezami³

2013

Food and Chemical Toxicology

155

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The Impact of the Fusarium Toxin Deoxynivalenol (DON) on Poultry

Cited by 39 publications

References 82 publications

Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated wheat containing deoxynivalenol alters the gene expression in the liver and the jejunum of broilers

Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated wheat containing deoxynivalenol alters the gene expression in the liver and the jejunum of broilers

Duodenal morphology and immune responses of broiler chickens fed low doses of deoxynivalenol

Individual and combined cytotoxic effects of Fusarium toxins (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins B1) on swine jejunal epithelial cells

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