Duodenal morphology and immune responses of broiler chickens fed low doses of deoxynivalenol

Révajová, Viera; Slaminkova, Z.; Grešaková, Ľubomíra; Levkut, M.

doi:10.2754/avb201382030337

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Height of villi is one of the apparent indicators of the ability of the intestine to absorb nutrients [15], which may explain the lower gain of weight of these animals during treatement. Similar results were found by researchers that compared the immune response and the integrity of duodenum of birds submitted to diets with addition of mycotoxins for two weeks [21]. In the present study, the width of villus and height of enterocyte core in birds treated with glucocorticoids were lower than those observed in control animals.…”

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confidence: 91%

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Characterization of Immune and Enteric Systems of Broilers after Imunosupression with Dexamethasone

Carvalho

Herpich

Chitolina

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Bursa of Fabricius (BF) and the thymus are primary lymphoid organs of poultry and play a major role in avian immunity. Enteric system is also involved in immunity. Several pathologic conditions directly impact BF and thymus size, and also affect intestinal parameters. Besides, there are several immune system depressor agents which affect birds. The selection of glucocorticoid as inducer of immunosuppression is applied in many experiments; however there are few studies that are applied to the reality in the field. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone as an inducer of immunosuppression on lymphoid organs and microscopic structures of the jejunum.Materials, Methods & Results: One-day-old chicks were used as a control group (n = 8) and the treated group (n = 25) received intramuscular dexamethasone on 21, 23, 24 and 26 day-old. Control birds and treated birds were euthanized 8, 16, 24, 32 and 40 h after inoculation; four control birds and six treated birds were euthanized on the eighth day after the last inoculation. Thymus, BF and jejunum were collected during the necropsy. The selected organs were processed, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and photographed. The BF and thymus cuts were evaluated by three histopathologists to determine the depletion score. Ten villi of each jejunum were evaluated for width and length of villi, depth crypt, microvillus length, enterocyte length of each villus, and wall thickness. Treated birds presented a mean weight lower than control group during all the experiment. The mean weight and the relative weight of the BF and thymus of control birds were significantly higher than treated ones. The lymphocyte depletion in BF and thymus scores differed significantly between groups, being higher in the group challenged with dexamethasone. There were no significant differences between groups for depth of crypt, height of core and height of microvilli. The intestines of the control group had higher mean values for length of villi, width of villi, height of enterocyte and thickness of wall. Significant correlation between weight of thymus and weight of BF, between weight of thymus and weight of bird and between weight of BF and bird weight were found.Discussion: Easy administration, low cost and the absence of suffering during inoculation make the use of glucocorticoids more advantageous to mimic immunosupression in poultry. Treatment with dexamethasone interfered directly in the weight of the birds. Evaluation of immune response of birds can be performed by the ratio of the BF weight in relation to the weight of the bird, as observed in the present study. The relative weight of the BF of untreated animals varied at all ages between 0.21% and 0.29%. It was also observed that the relative weight of BF and thymus in immunosuppressed birds tended to increase according to the end of the treatment. Depletion scores were higher in thymus, suggesting that glucocorticoid promoted more harmful effects on this organ. Dexamethasone had negative influence on length of villus, once mean value was 13% lower than those of control group. Width of villus and height of enterocyte core of treatment group were lower than those observed in control animals. Coefficient of determination greater than 70% was observed for almost all established relationships, except for the length of villi and weight of the thymus. Administration of dexamethasone promotes significant and negative effects on the gain of weight, length of villi, width of villi and height of enterocytes. These finding are useful for future experiments with controlled immunosuppression induction, once it provides significant information of the secondary effects of glucocorticoids administration in poultry.

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confidence: 91%

“…Dexamethasone and other stress factors have negative influence on length of villus [15,21,24]. In the present study, the intestines of birds submitted to treatment with glucocorticoid birds presented mean value of length of villus 13% lower than those of control group.…”

supporting

confidence: 38%

Characterization of Immune and Enteric Systems of Broilers after Imunosupression with Dexamethasone

Carvalho

Herpich

Chitolina

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…An integrated part of the intestinal wall is connective tissue which, by forming interlayers between certain groups of cells or layers of other tissues, unites all these structures in an integrated morpho-functional composition. It also accumulates biologically active substances, immune cells (Casteleyn et al, 2010;Revajova et al, 2013), and blood vessels and nerves lie across it. Connective tissue in general and its fiber component in particular is a part of the trophic complex of a certain area (Zeng et al, 2003;Pandit et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the type of autonomic tone on the volume of the mucous membrane of the small intestine of laying hens

Tybinka

Blishch

Shchebentovska

2018

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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The connection between the separate structural parts of the mucous membrane of the small intestine of laying hens and the typological features of the autonomic tone were investigated. The studies were conducted on adult chickens of the cross-breed "Isa-Brown", which were divided into two groups: sympathicotonic chickens and sympathico-normotonic chickens, by the methods of electrocardiography and variation-pulsometry research. In the small intestine of the poultry of each group, the linear dimensions were determined first, and then the volume of the entire mucous membrane and its separate parts (villi, crypt, muscular plate), as well as the volume of connective tissue fibers in the crypt region. Research has shown that the villi account for ¾ of the volume of the entire mucous membrane. The volume of villi in the entire small intestine is more important in sympathico-normotonic chickens. This same poultry group has an advantage in the indicators of the volume of the muscular plate, but only in the duodenum and jejunum. In indicators of crypt volume, it turned out to be quite the opposite of the relationship with the typology of autonomous influences. In all studied intestines, the higher values of this indicator belong to the sympathotonic chickens. However, in terms of the volume of the entire mucous membrane, larger values still correspond to sympathico-normotonic chickens. Sympathicotonic chickens are inferior to them in the duodenum – at 1,005 mm3, in the jejunum – at 2,699 mm3 and in the ileum – only 78 mm3. Investigating the structure of the villi, we established that the volume of their epithelium in all three sections of the small intestine has higher values in the sympathico-normotonic chickens, and the larger volume of the lamina propria of the villi in the sympathicotonic chickens. At the same time, the connection with the type of autonomic tone is reflected in the ratio between the two layers of villi. In all three sections of the small intestine of sympathicotonic chickens, the ratio between the epithelium and the lamina propria was, on average, 65%/35%, or 2/1. In sympathico-normotonic chickens, this ratio varied and, on average, equalled 75%/25%, or 3/1. The increase in the tone of sympathetic centers contributes to the growth of volume both as the total amount of fibers of connective tissue, and also as separate elastic fibers in the area of crypt. According to the data,indicators of the sympathico-normotonic chickens are inferior to those of sympathicotonic chickens in all of the small intestine. It was also found that in both groups of poultry the volume of elastic fibers was approximately half the volume of all fibers of the connective tissue of the duodenum. In other sections of the small intestine, this figure was reduced to about ⅓. Consequently, the typological features of the autonomic tone, providing various trophic-regulatory effects on the mucous membrane of the small intestine, cause the formation of differences in its volume.

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“…Сполучна тканина, утворюючи прошарки між шарами тканин чи окремими групами клітин, з одного боку формує для них міцну основу, що має вигляд строми, а з іншого боку, об'єднує всі ці структури різного функціонального призначення в єдину морфофункціональну цілісність, що називається органом (Orberg et al, 1983). Сполучна тканина є також магістраллю для проходження судин і нервів та місцем накопичення імунних клітин і біологічно активних речовин (Casteleyn et al, 2010;Revajova et al, 2013). Відповідно, назагал, сполучна тканина в цілому та її волокнистий компонент зокрема, є базою для формування трофічного комплексу певної ділянки, що, у свою чергу, забезпечує її гомеостаз (Pandit et al, 2018).…”

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Influence of autonomous regulation type on the connective tissue content in the muscular membrane of the chickens’ small intestine

Tybinka

2024

SMLNUVMB

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The relationship between the small intestine's muscular membrane structure of chickens and the autonomous regulation type was investigated. Based on electrocardiographic and variational pulsometric studies, adult laying hens of the Isa-Brown breed were divided into two groups: sympathotonic (ST) and sympatho-normotonic (ST-NT). The volume of individual layers and the entire muscle membrane, as well as the volume of connective tissue fibers located in it, was determined in the small intestine of the hens. In general, the relationship between morphological parameters and the autonomous regulation type is similar throughout the whole intestine, but it has certain peculiarities in different intestine parts. An increase in the volume of both the circumferential and longitudinal layers of the intestinal muscular membrane accompanies an increase in sympathetic tonus. This pattern is typical for both groups. The ratio between these layers varies along the intestinal wall: the share of the longitudinal layer increases while that of the circumferential layer decreases. Accordingly, the average volume of the entire small intestine's muscular membrane in ST and ST-NT chickens differs by 590.6 mm3, and the total volume by 1771.7 mm3. Increased sympathetic tonus also contributes to a more significant number of collagen fibers in the circular layer of the muscle membrane. In the average values of the small intestine, its superiority over the longitudinal layer is 5.6 % in ST chickens and 3.4 % in ST-NT chickens. Regarding absolute values of elastic fiber volume, no group of birds has a complete advantage along the small intestine. However, the average values of this section are still dominated by ST chickens, which outnumber the other group by 15.3 mm3 in the circumferential layer and by 11.7 mm3 in the longitudinal layer of the muscle membrane. Birds with persistent sympathotonia also have more collagen fibers per 1 mm3 muscle membrane. Regarding average small intestine parameters, ST-NT chickens demonstrate a lower value (0.005 mm3). However, regarding the number of elastic fibers alone, ST-NT chickens already occupy a dominant position, and the difference between the two groups decreases to 0.004 mm3. The established muscle membrane's morphological features indicate its plasticity in adapting the intestinal wall to the autonomous regulation peculiarities.

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Duodenal morphology and immune responses of broiler chickens fed low doses of deoxynivalenol

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Characterization of Immune and Enteric Systems of Broilers after Imunosupression with Dexamethasone

Characterization of Immune and Enteric Systems of Broilers after Imunosupression with Dexamethasone

Influence of the type of autonomic tone on the volume of the mucous membrane of the small intestine of laying hens

Influence of autonomous regulation type on the connective tissue content in the muscular membrane of the chickens’ small intestine

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