The impact of terrorism on agriculture in African countries

Noubissi, Edmond; Njangang, Henri

doi:10.1111/1467-8268.12474

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, we can empirically confirm the hypotheses and expectations of our study. Furthermore, the results are consistent with some existing studies on terrorism and various measures of agricultural productivity and outputs (see Adelaja & George, 2019;Noubissi & Njangang, 2020).…”

Section: The Baseline Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Estimating the effect of terrorism on agricultural production in Nigeria

Okafor

Chikalipah

2021

African Development Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nigeria has always been affected by terrorism but since the late 2000s, there has been a sharp increase in terrorist acts, perpetrated by Boko Haram and Fulani herdsmen terror groups. The rise in terrorism and insurgency has decimated communities and farmers have fled to protected camps. In view of that background, this paper estimates the effect of terrorism on agricultural output in Nigeria over the period 1971-2019. Our empirical results provide evidence which indicates that terrorism (as measured by the number of fatalities) has a negative and significant effect on agricultural output. Furthermore, this negative impact was larger over the period 2011-2019. This period corresponds with the onset of escalated violence from Boko Haram and Fulani herdsmen terror groups. The following policy implications were deduced. First, government should pursue credible policies in reducing the number ofviolent attacks on farmers. Second, nomadic cattle herders should be trained and encouraged to adopt modern techniques in animal husbandry.Third, government should equip forest rangers and guards to help safeguard rural and farming communities.agricultural output, boko Haram, fulani herdsmen, nigeria, terrorism | INTRODUCTION AND STUDY BACKGROUNDOver the last two decades, the share of employment in agriculture for Nigeria has averaged 42% (World Development Indicators, 2019). Thus, the sector accounts for the largest share of employment and the country is heavily reliant on it. Further, the agricultural sector can play an important role in a country's pursuit of socioeconomic development (Mkwambisi et al., 2011). The government in Nigeria, in collaboration with international agencies, such as the World Bank and African Development Bank, has pursued policies aimed at boosting the agricultural sector. Nevertheless, the efficiency of these policies may be hampered by terrorism. Between 1971 and 2010, Nigeria recorded a total of 401 terrorist incidents and 1403 fatalities from terrorism. Between 2020 and 2019, the total number of terrorist incidents and fatalities was 4661 and 25,570, respectively (GTD, 2021).Terrorism in Nigeria is mostly in the form of killing, destruction of infrastructure, assault and kidnapping. Some of the major causes of terrorism in Nigeria lie in state failure, religious intolerance and ethnic fragmentation (Anyanwu, 2014;Cook, 2011;Kah, 2017). In addition, the country is faced with the challenges of food production and the country is heavily reliant on food imports (Ibukun & Adebayo, 2021;Olaoye, 2014). Some existing studies have identified climate change, lack of investment, credit constraints, small-scale farming practices, etc., as some of the factors affecting food production

show abstract

Section: The Baseline Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Estimating the effect of terrorism on agricultural production in Nigeria

Okafor

Chikalipah

2021

African Development Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Again, Abid and Sekrafi (2020) conclude that terrorism increases public debt. Through the same methodology, Noubissi and Njangang (2020) found that terrorism reduces agricultural activity in Africa.…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this respect, Onanuga et al (2020) argue that terrorism has reduced financial flows into Africa. Moreover, it has led to a reduction in agricultural productivity which has been the main source of livelihood for most Africans (Noubissi and Njangang, 2020). Despite the apparent negative externalities of the phenomenon on the continent, terrorist threats are rather on the rise in the continent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this low performance in the development of the financial sector in the continent characterised by frequent terrorist attacks, studies on the effect of terrorism in Africa have neglected it impact on financial development. In fact, studies have rather focused on its impact on: capital flight (Efobi and Asongu, 2016;Asongu and Amankwah-Amoah, 2016); financial flows (Onanuga et al, 2020); governance (Asongu and Nwachukwu, 2017a); public debt (AbidandSekrafi, 2020); FDI (Efobi, Asongu, and Beecroft, 2018;Ukwueze et al, 2019); agriculture (Noubissi and Njangang, 2020); regional integration (Elu and Price, 2014) and trade (Asongu and Leke, 2019). Accordingly, the extant literature that has established the link between terrorism and financial development in Africa is sparse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The terrorism-finance nexus contingent on globalisation and governance dynamics in Africa

Asongu

Nchofoung²

2021

SSRN Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study empirically verifies the effect of terrorism on financial development and how globalisation and governance modulate the incidence of terrorism on financial development in Africa. Two terrorism indicators are adopted for this study, namely, the: number of terrorism incidences and number of terrorism deaths. The methodology involves the pooled data technique running from 1996-2018 for 34 African countries. The results from the POLS, Driscoll-Kraay and the Newey-West standard error corrections show that terrorism is detrimental to financial development. From the interactive regressions, three major tendencies are apparent. First, terrorism dynamics consistently have an unconditional negative effect on financial development. Second, the globalization and government dynamics modulate the terrorism dynamics to broadly induce a negative net effect on financial development. Third, policy thresholds at which the modulating variables reverse the net effect on financial development from negative to positive are: (i) 71.61572 trade (% of GDP) and 13.97872 FDI (% of GDP) for the incidence of terror and (ii) 1.16201 trade (% of GDP) for terror deaths. The computed thresholds make economic sense and worthwhile in terms of policy implications because they are within statistical range. The result is robust to alternative measures of terrorism and financial development. Policy implications are discussed.

show abstract

“…Between 1995 and 2016, the food production index in Nigeria increased from 67.53 to 124.55; however, attaining food self-sufficiency and food security have continued to be an issue for the country, scoring 38 out of 100 in 2018 (Owoo 2020). Agricultural production in Nigeria has dropped significantly in recent times due to issues such as climate change, erratic rainfall, lack of modern agricultural inputs, low market access, farmer-herder crises, terrorism (causing severe damage to crops, livestock, and infrastructure), rapid urbanisation and industrialisation among others (Noubissi and Njangang 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants, efficiency and potential of agri-food exports from Nigeria to the EU: Evidence from the stochastic frontier gravity model

Abdullahi¹,

Aluko²,

Huo³

2021

AGR ECON-CZECH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study uses an extended gravity model to examine the determinants, efficiency and potential of agri-food exports from Nigeria to the EU for the 1995–2019 period. It uses a stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to estimate the extended gravity model. The results show that the economic size (GDP) of Nigeria and the EU countries, as well as bilateral distance, positively determine agri-food exports from Nigeria to the EU. Also, the results show that Nigeria's agri-food exports to the EU are negatively determined by the income (per capita GDP) of Nigeria and its EU trading countries, bilateral exchange rate and EU new member states (NMS). The results further show that Nigeria scores relatively low in terms of the efficiency of its agri-food exports to the EU countries. On a final note, the study shows that Nigeria's agri-food exports with the EU have a relatively large potential that has not been exploited. We document policy recommendations in this study.

show abstract

The impact of terrorism on agriculture in African countries

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

Estimating the effect of terrorism on agricultural production in Nigeria

Estimating the effect of terrorism on agricultural production in Nigeria

The terrorism-finance nexus contingent on globalisation and governance dynamics in Africa

Determinants, efficiency and potential of agri-food exports from Nigeria to the EU: Evidence from the stochastic frontier gravity model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About