The Impact of SCTP on SIP Server Scalability and Performance

Ono, Kumiko; Schulzrinne, Henning

doi:10.1109/glocom.2008.ecp.278

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…2. The latency numbers shown in Table II [26], RAM footprints for TCP and SCTP can be reduced to 2 kB and 12 kB, respectively. However, it is a trade-off between footprint reduction and performance degradation.…”

Section: Network Delaymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, SCTP is not completely free of the latency issues posed by TCP due to the many features inherited from TCP such as congestion control. Moreover, it is unlikely that SCTP can run on real time measurement devices such as sensors/meters which have limited computing resources (e.g., 10 KB RAM) since even its lightweight version [26] takes a heavy toll on memory (about 16 KB for just the transmit buffer), CPU load, and the complexity of connection management. However we note that SCTP has highassurance features and therefore is a good option for substation automation requiring bidirectional/multihome communications between the utility control center and substations or among substations, and smart grid applications implemented over highpowered end devices such as smart phones with broadband access.…”

Section: Latency Issues and Heavy Weight Implementation Of Sctpmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SGTP: Smart Grid Transport Protocol for secure reliable delivery of periodic real time data

Kim

Thottan²

2011

Bell Labs Tech. J.

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Amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) is the principal constituent of plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is thought to be responsible for the neurotoxicity associated with the disease. Copper binding to Aβ has been hypothesized to play an important role in the neruotoxicity of Aβ and free radical damage, and Cu2+ chelators represent a possible therapy for AD. However, many properties of copper binding to Aβ have not been elucidated clearly, and the location of copper binding sites on Aβ is also in controversy. Here we have used a range of spectroscopic techniques to characterize the coordination of Cu2+ to Aβ(1–16) in solution. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry shows that copper binds to Aβ(1–16) at pH 6.0 and 7.0. The mode of copper binding is highly pH dependent. Circular dichroism results indicate that copper chelation causes a structural transition of Aβ(1–16). UV‐visible absorption spectra suggest that three nitrogen donor ligands and one oxygen donor ligand (3N1O) in Aβ(1–16) may form a type II square‐planar coordination geometry with Cu2+. By means of fluorescence spectroscopy, competition studies with glycine and L‐histidine show that copper binds to Aβ(1–16) with an affinity of Ka ∼ 107M–1 at pH 7.8. Besides His6, His13, and His14, Tyr10 is also involved in the coordination of Aβ(1–16) with Cu2+, which is supported by 1H NMR and UV‐visible absorption spectra. Evidence for the link between Cu2+ and AD is growing, and this work has made a significant contribution to understanding the mode of copper binding to Aβ(1–16) in solution. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83: 20–31, 2006 This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com

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Section: Network Delaymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Latency Issues and Heavy Weight Implementation Of Sctpmentioning

confidence: 99%

SGTP: Smart Grid Transport Protocol for secure reliable delivery of periodic real time data

Kim

Thottan²

2011

Bell Labs Tech. J.

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“…In [19] and [21], SIP simulation resulting from UDP and TCP has been compared in OpenSER and SIPd proxies, respectively. In [27], measurement results were shown to explain the impact of TCP on SIP server's scalability and performance. The authors measured the impact of choosing stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) on the server's scalability.…”

Section: Based On Transmission Control Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overload mitigation mechanism for VoIP networks: a transport layer approach based on resource management

Montazerolghaem

Seno

Yaghmaee

et al. 2016

Trans. Emerging Tel. Tech.

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Session initiation protocol (SIP) is an application layer signalling protocol for the set‐up, management and termination of multimedia networks such as voice over IP standardised by Internet Engineering Task Force. This protocol has also been recognised by International Telecommunication Union as a main core of next‐generation networks. When this network is under overload for reasons such as improper design, instantaneous swarm, components error and sudden reduction of processing capacity, its efficiency is considerably reduced. Overload occurs when the SIP proxy lacks sufficient CPU and memory resources to process all messages. Because the overload cannot be prevented completely, it is important to equip SIP proxies with an effective overload mitigation mechanism. In this paper, capabilities of transmission control protocol are used in transport layer to reduce SIP proxy overload through the proper allocation of proxy resources. Major activities in this field assume SIP on user datagram protocol, which practically does not result in optimal throughput. To evaluate this approach, an Asterisk open source proxy is used. Our implementation results in the real testbed indicate the efficiency improvement of Asterisk proxy under overload. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…The effect of transport layer option on SIP signaling performance is analyzed in . Camarillo et al , compare the performance of a SIP signaling network when UDP, TCP and SCTP are used as transport.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and distributed SIP overload control solution improving sustainability of SIP networks

Jahanbakhsh

Azhari

Enayatizadeh

et al. 2016

Int J Communication

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Carriers have adopted session initiation protocol (SIP) in their next generation networks. Providing carriergrade service requires high availability in times of component failures, avalanche restart, flash crowds and denial of service attacks, which cause overload on SIP servers. Throughput of SIP servers is largely degraded during overload. We propose an SIP overload control (SIP-OC) solution for local and remote situations, working in hop-by-hop and end-to-end modes. Our local SIP-OC method uses a cross-layer approach with negligible performance impact, while the implicit nature of our remote SIP-OC allows detection of sophisticated overload conditions such as those caused by non-SIP entities. Our remote SIP-OC uses transaction response time as the basis for implicit overload detection. Coupling our local and remote SIP-OC schemes, we show that the range of 'sustainable' overload that can be imposed on the system improves significantly. Moreover, incorporating a 2-means filtering mechanism into our SIP-OC scheme makes it perform well under packet-loss. We also show that our proposed solution is robust to network latency and SIP server capacity fluctuations. All of our results are obtained from experiments over SIP testbeds including an experimental IP multimedia subsystem. Figure 1. Basic session initiation protocol signaling (not showing DNS and location server for simplicity).In this paper, we propose a total SIP overload control (SIP-OC) solution including a remote SIP-OC mechanism operating between two SIP servers, namely, AIWB ‡ and a local SIP-OC scheme with almost no performance impact used at the edge, namely, SYN-dropping § . Unlike other local SIP-OC approaches, SYN-dropping is a cross-layer approach and is only triggered for independent SIP UAs running over TCP, while back-to-back user agents (B2BUA), which are in fact dense port SIP clients use AIWB. For experiments, we adopt TCP at the UA-edge and UDP at the edge-core segment of the SIP network. Nevertheless, UDP SIP clients can still continue to connect to the edge proxy. At the core, UDP is used, which improves scalability [11]; however, AIWB can operate on top of any transport mechanism as it resides entirely in the SIP layer.We will show the benefits that can be gained from combining an implicit remote SIP-OC mechanism with SYN-dropping in terms of improved network sustainability over a large range of overload. We use transaction response time (TRT) denoted by TRT (time from INVITE to any provisional response such as, 183-Session-In-Progress/OK/etc.) measured by the upstream server as an implicit indication of overload at some downstream server. Using this information, the upstream server controls the signaling load imposed on the downstream server using an adaptive window-based approach without any assistance from the overloaded server.Although we do not argue against the use of explicit SIP-OC methods, our point is to show the added benefit and feasibility of using an implicit SIP-OC mechanism, which can be integrated alongside an explicit SI...

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The Impact of SCTP on SIP Server Scalability and Performance

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

SGTP: Smart Grid Transport Protocol for secure reliable delivery of periodic real time data

SGTP: Smart Grid Transport Protocol for secure reliable delivery of periodic real time data

Overload mitigation mechanism for VoIP networks: a transport layer approach based on resource management

Local and distributed SIP overload control solution improving sustainability of SIP networks

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