The Impact of Orthognathic Surgery on Facial Expressions

Al-Hiyali, Ali; Ayoub, Ashraf; Ju, Xiangyang; Almuzian, Mohammed; Al-Anezi, Thamer

doi:10.1016/j.joms.2015.05.008

Cited by 42 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…7 An assessment of smile symmetry prior to orthodontic treatment or orthognathic surgery is considered important for evaluating treatment outcomes and for informing the patient about esthetic variables. 8 Traditionally, two-dimensional (2D) methods were used to evaluate smile symmetry. 7 With recent advances in imaging technology, the complex structure of facial morphology can be evaluated three dimensionally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional evaluation of social smile symmetry

Duran

Di̇ndaroğlu

Görgülü

2016

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To evaluate the social smile symmetry using three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetric images. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with 3D facial images of 30 individuals (age range 13-25 years). The rest position was considered as the reference image and the social smile image was aligned on this image using the best-fit alignment method. The spatial differences between the same points established on both images using 3D analyses were determined for right and left points in X, Y, and Z planes. Results: The highest difference related to spatial distance in right and left points was À0.56 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], À1.19, 0.06 mm) between right and left commissure (Com) points. The difference was not significant, and the Bland-Altman upper and lower limits were À3.85 mm and 2.71 mm, respectively. The highest difference for the transversal plane was found in Com points, similarly to the spatial distance (mean: 0.50 mm, 95% CI, À2.62, 1.02 mm). The differences between the changes in the left and right points in the Y and Z plane were not significant (P . .05). Conclusions: The social smile was observed to show asymmetry in varying amounts in the different directions. Asymmetry increases in some cases, specifically for the corners of the mouth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional evaluation of social smile symmetry

Duran

Di̇ndaroğlu

Görgülü

2016

The Angle Orthodontist

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“…Therefore, patients need to be made aware of the situation prior to treatment so that they do not consider it a result of the treatment and are displeased with the results. This is particularly true in light of the fact that many patients with an asymmetrical smile may be unaware of the situation (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of mandibular advancement and setback, patients often place greater emphasis on changes in the lip position than on the chin position when considering their profile changes (13). However, favorable results in correcting smile asymmetry are relatively unpredictable (14,15). Smiling is not a static phenomenon; it is influenced by many muscle groups that are not always involved in the different types of orthognathic surgery (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Lip Asymmetry During Smiling: An Analysis Using Three-Dimensional Images

Mathis¹,

Laskin²,

Tüfekçi³

et al. 2018

Turk J Orthod

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Objective: The aim of this study was to use three-dimensional images to determine the presence of upper lip asymmetry at rest and during smiling in a group of individuals with no history of orthodontics or facial cosmetic surgery. Methods:Standardized three-dimensional frontal resting and smiling images of 54 volunteers were analyzed using the 3dMDvultus software (3dMD, Atlanta, GA). Measurements were made from the soft tissue nasion, ipsilateral ala, subnasale, and menton to the right and left commissures of the lip. A 2.5 mm or greater difference between the right and left sides was defined as an asymmetry. The agreement on the presence or absence of asymmetry between the subjects' states of rest and smiling was determined by the McNemar's chi-squared test. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. Results:Menton was the most stable facial landmark to evaluate the upper lip symmetry at rest and during smiling (p=0.002). Using menton as a landmark, only one of the 54 subjects showed asymmetry while resting, but 12 (22%) showed asymmetry when smiling. Conclusion:As part of treatment planning for orthodontics or orthognathic surgery, patients should be evaluated for the upper lip symmetry during resting and smiling. The presence of asymmetry during smiling is a significant clinical problem that needs to be recognized so that patients can be informed about the effect it can have on the final esthetic result.

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“…Each participant was seated in front of the 4D imaging system where the full face could be captured and the head could befreely adjusted as demonstrated in our previous study. (23) Each participant was given a 5 minutes training session, patients were asked to perform each of the recorded facial expressions starting from the rest position to reach the maximal magnitude of muscle movements and then return to the rest position. Each facial expression was recorded over 3 seconds at a rate of 60 3D frame/ second, this generated 180 3D image sequence of each facial expression.…”

Section: D Facial Capture Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A set of 23 landmarks which proved their reliability by our research team (18,23) , were manually digitized on the first frame of the 3D image sequence of each facial expression.…”

Section: Data Processing and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility of the dynamics of facial expressions in unilateral facial palsy

Alagha

Morley

et al. 2018

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of non-verbal facial expressions in unilateral facial paralysis using the dynamic 4D imaging. Di4D system was utilized to record 5 facial expressions of 20-adult patients. The system captured 60 3D images/second; each facial expression took 3-4 seconds to record which generated a set of 180 3D facial images for each expression. The procedure was repeated after 30 minutes to assess the reproducibility of the expressions. A mathematical facial mesh which consists of thousand of quasi points "vertices" was conformed to the face to disclose the morphological characteristics in a comprehensive manner. The vertices of the conformed mesh were tracked throughout the sequence of the 180 3D images. Five key 3D facial frames of each sequence of images were analyzed.. We compared the 3D facial morphology at each of the five key frames of the first and the second capture of each facial expression to assess the reproducibility of the facial movements. The corresponding images were aligned using partial Procrustes analysis, the root square mean of the distances between these was calculated and statistically analyzed using paired student t-test at P=0.05. Facial expressions of lip purse, cheek puff and raising of the eyebrows were reproducible. The facial expressions of maximum smile and forceful eye closure were not reproducible. The limited coordination of various groups of facial muscles contributed to the lack of reproducibility of these facial expressions. The 4D imagining is a useful clinical tool for the assessment of facial expressions.Introduction:

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The Impact of Orthognathic Surgery on Facial Expressions

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Three-dimensional evaluation of social smile symmetry

Three-dimensional evaluation of social smile symmetry

Upper Lip Asymmetry During Smiling: An Analysis Using Three-Dimensional Images

Reproducibility of the dynamics of facial expressions in unilateral facial palsy

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