Three-dimensional evaluation of social smile symmetry

Duran, Gökhan Serhat; Di̇ndaroğlu, Furkan; Görgülü, Serkan

doi:10.2319/020916-112.1

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…With regard to smile symmetry, it has been shown that the smile tends to become more asymmetrical with age, with children aged 3‐8 years old showing more symmetrical smiles than adults . Other authors have also found that the smile shows various amounts of asymmetry in the x , y and z planes and that asymmetry increases specifically at the oral commissures . Moreover, posed smiles have been found to be more asymmetrical than spontaneous smiles .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…30 Other authors have also found that the smile shows various amounts of asymmetry in the x, y and z planes and that asymmetry increases specifically at the oral commissures. 31 Moreover, posed smiles have been found to be more asymmetrical than spontaneous smiles. 32 In our sample of control children, we find results along the same line, whereby mouth width asymmetry increases with time in these children at least during rest, and there is a trend for an increase in asymmetry also during smile, although not reaching statistically significance.…”

Section: Ta B L E 1 Differences In Facial Expressions At Baseline Betmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Class II functional appliance treatment and dynamic three‐dimensional mimic muscle evaluation

Antonarakis

Kiliaridis

2019

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Background Functional appliances have skeletal and dentoalveolar treatment effects, but knowledge on their effect on facial expressions is limited. Objective To analyse changes in facial expressions, using three‐dimensional (3D) mimic muscle evaluation, in growing children with Class II malocclusion and large overjet, undergoing functional appliance treatment. Methods Fifteen growing children with Class II division 1 malocclusion, selected prospectively, had dynamic 3D recordings of facial expressions prior to and 12 months after commencing functional appliance treatment. Facial expressions recorded were smile and lip pucker, and the movements of the oral commissures were analysed, as well as mouth width and its symmetry. A control group of fifteen age‐ and sex‐matched growing children without immediate need for orthodontic treatment had similar recordings prior to and after a 12‐month observation period. Results In the treatment group, the Class II malocclusion in all children improved after 12 months of functional appliance wear. With regard to movements of the oral commissures, the initial recordings of the treatment group did not show any significant differences to the control group for neither smile nor lip pucker. Differences were noted however when looking at mouth width asymmetry, where this tended to become more symmetrical in the functional appliance treatment group, during rest and during smiling, while it became more asymmetrical in the untreated control group. Conclusion The use of removable functional appliances in children with Class II division 1 malocclusion may have a positive effect on mouth width symmetry when smiling, making it more symmetrical.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Ta B L E 1 Differences In Facial Expressions At Baseline Betmentioning

confidence: 99%

Class II functional appliance treatment and dynamic three‐dimensional mimic muscle evaluation

Antonarakis

Kiliaridis

2019

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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“…Del Monte et al [34] found that there should be 0.4 mm of gingival display when smiling. Asymmetry during smiling could be considered clinically as a dental occlusal cant or maxillary skeletal asymmetry [10], and it is crucial to know the underlying cause In our sample, a high smile was more common among females than in males, while a low smile line was more prevalent among males -this being consistent with the data found in the literature [29,33,35]. In our study, 84.3% of the sample presented a medium smile line, 8.6% a low smile line and 7.1% a high smile line.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ideal characteristics of a smile have been described by different authors [1,2], though deviations from the classical aesthetic dimensions are found in the different studied populations [3][4][5]. Different methods are available for analysis of the smile, including photographs [6,7], videos [8,9] or the use of three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetric images [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the maxillary midline, curve of the upper lip, smile line and tooth shape: a prospective study of 140 Caucasian patients

Melo

Ata-Ali

et al. 2020

BMC Oral Health

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Background: A number of reference patterns such as the interincisal line, curve of the upper lip, width of the smile or shape of the teeth have been studied in different populations. Determining the frequency of different smile aesthetic parameters in a European Caucasian population and exploring possible gender differences is important in order to obtain predictable treatment outcomes. Methods: Photographs were obtained under resting and forced smiling conditions in 140 individuals (70 males and 70 females) with a mean age of 20.1 ± 4.3 years. Different variables were recorded, including the position of the maxillary interincisal midline in relation to the facial midline, the arc and width of the smile, and the shape of the teeth. The data were processed using the SPSS version 15.0 statistical package, with application of the chi-squared test and a confidence level of 95%. The statistical power was 80%, and the level of significance 5% (α = 0.05). Results: A total of 94.3% of the sample presented a maxillary interincisal midline coinciding with the facial midline, and 80% had a consonant smile line. The curve of the upper lip was upwards in 47.1% of the cases, followed by a straight curve in 41.4%. Most of the subjects (84.3%) presented a medium smile line with tooth exposure to the second premolar (61.4%). There were no significant differences between males and females. Conclusions: The integration of aesthetic criteria is needed in order to guarantee satisfactory and predictable dental treatment outcomes. There were no statistically significant differences between males and females. The maxillary interincisal midline coincided with the facial midline, with a consonant smile arc and a medium smile line, upward lip curve and oval tooth shape.

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“…Previously, soft tissue asymmetry has generally been studied using photographs at rest and during smiling; however, to the best of our knowledge, there have been only two studies that have evaluated lip asymmetry using a three-dimensional technique (18,19). One of these used soft tissue landmarks unlike those used in this study, and the other focused on the laterality of the corners of the mouth during a portrait smile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Lip Asymmetry During Smiling: An Analysis Using Three-Dimensional Images

Mathis¹,

Laskin²,

Tüfekçi³

et al. 2018

Turk J Orthod

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Objective: The aim of this study was to use three-dimensional images to determine the presence of upper lip asymmetry at rest and during smiling in a group of individuals with no history of orthodontics or facial cosmetic surgery. Methods:Standardized three-dimensional frontal resting and smiling images of 54 volunteers were analyzed using the 3dMDvultus software (3dMD, Atlanta, GA). Measurements were made from the soft tissue nasion, ipsilateral ala, subnasale, and menton to the right and left commissures of the lip. A 2.5 mm or greater difference between the right and left sides was defined as an asymmetry. The agreement on the presence or absence of asymmetry between the subjects' states of rest and smiling was determined by the McNemar's chi-squared test. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. Results:Menton was the most stable facial landmark to evaluate the upper lip symmetry at rest and during smiling (p=0.002). Using menton as a landmark, only one of the 54 subjects showed asymmetry while resting, but 12 (22%) showed asymmetry when smiling. Conclusion:As part of treatment planning for orthodontics or orthognathic surgery, patients should be evaluated for the upper lip symmetry during resting and smiling. The presence of asymmetry during smiling is a significant clinical problem that needs to be recognized so that patients can be informed about the effect it can have on the final esthetic result.

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Three-dimensional evaluation of social smile symmetry

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Class II functional appliance treatment and dynamic three‐dimensional mimic muscle evaluation

Class II functional appliance treatment and dynamic three‐dimensional mimic muscle evaluation

Evaluation of the maxillary midline, curve of the upper lip, smile line and tooth shape: a prospective study of 140 Caucasian patients

Upper Lip Asymmetry During Smiling: An Analysis Using Three-Dimensional Images

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