The impact of obesity on neuropsychological functioning in adults with and without major depressive disorder

Restivo, Maria; McKinnon, Margaret C.; Frey, Benício N.; Hall, Geoffrey B.; Syed, Wasimuddin; Taylor, Valerie H.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176898

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Similar to patients with a nonpsychiatric condition like diabetes, obesity or old age, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder persons in the community were able to take part in assessments in a way that reflected their own choices 48 . Elements such as cognitive capacity, physical functioning, and level of education all contribute to decision‐making performance among psychiatric and nonpsychiatric patients, even after adjusting for diagnosis 49 5051 . These findings support the overriding principle that schizophrenia or bipolar disorder patients must be assumed to have capacity unless established otherwise, and that they should not to be treated as unable to make a decision unless all practicable steps to help them to do so have been taken without success 52…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

The capacity of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder individuals to make autonomous decisions about pharmacological treatments for their illness in real life: A scoping review

Pons

Salvador‐Carulla

Calcedo‐Barba

et al. 2020

Health Science Reports

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Background and aim Having decision making capacity is central to the exercise of autonomy in mental health care. The objective of this scoping review is to summarize the evidence on the capacity of people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder to make decisions about their treatment in real life to support medical practice. Methods Systematic search of observational studies on the assessment of capacity of patients with schizophrenia, psychosis, or bipolar disorder to make healthcare and treatment‐related decisions, conducted in any clinical setting published up to January 31, 2020 was performed. Free text searches and medical subject headings in English were combined in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycInfo. Publications were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale for observational studies was used to assess the quality of publications. Results Thirty publications were reviewed. According to the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale criteria, the publications reviewed were good quality. Findings showed that more than 70% of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder outpatients understood treatment options at the point of making decisions about their illness and healthcare. Patients treated voluntarily had considerably better scores for decisional capacity than those treated involuntarily. The burden of psychiatric symptoms could compromise decisional capacity temporarily. Decision‐making capacity improved over time from admission to discharge from hospital, and with treatment among psychiatry inpatients. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients could be as competent as nonpsychiatric individuals in making decisions about their treatments in everyday life. Conclusions This scoping review provides a body of evidence for healthcare professionals in need of assessing the capacity of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients for autonomously decide about their treatments. Decisional capacity judgements should consider variations in capacity over time and be based on the type of decision to be made, the severity of symptoms, and the specific phase of the mental disorder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

The capacity of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder individuals to make autonomous decisions about pharmacological treatments for their illness in real life: A scoping review

Pons

Salvador‐Carulla

Calcedo‐Barba

et al. 2020

Health Science Reports

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“…Equally, working memory alterations could provoke not being able to keep health-related long-term objectives available when required, impacting negatively on eating behaviour and body-weight control (Whitelock et al, 2018). Lastly, the inability to switch from one mindset to another could translate in problems in abandoning disadvantageous food choices (Lasselin et al, 2016;Perpiñá et al, 2017;Restivo et al, 2017). Overall, and despite some correlations were present at a trend-level, chronic physiological stress and EF negatively interact with each other and can affect eating behaviour.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to perform worse in tests measuring cognitive flexibility (Perpiñá et al, 2017;Restivo et al, 2017), inhibitory control (Lavagnino et al, 2016;Spitoni et al, 2017), and working memory (Coppin et al, 2014). A recent and extended review of this topic is available in the following work (Yang et al, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

Allostatic load and executive functions in overweight adults

Ottino‐González

Jurado

García‐García

et al. 2019

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Background/Objective: Overweight is linked to inflammatory and neuroendocrine responses potentially prompting deregulations in biological systems harmful to the brain, particularly to the prefrontal cortex. This structure is crucial for executive performance, ultimately supervising behaviour. Thus, in the present work, we aimed to test the relationship between allostatic load increase, a surrogate of chronic physiological stress, and core executive functions, such as cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory. Method: Forty-seven healthy-weight and 56 overweight volunteers aged from 21-40 underwent medical and neuropsychological examination. Results: Overweight subjects exhibited a greater allostatic load index than healthy-weight individuals. Moreover, the allostatic load index was negatively related to inhibitory control. When separated, the link between allostatic load index and cognitive flexibility was more marked in the overweight group. Conclusions: An overweight status was linked to chronic physiological stress. The inverse relationship between the allostatic load index and cognitive flexibility proved stronger in this group. Set-shifting alterations could sustain rigid-like behaviours and attitudes towards food.

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“…Mean BMI in the present FMS sample was 28.29 kg/m 2 , which is in the upper range of pre-obesity. Executive dysfunction in obesity is well-known [ 40 – 43 ]. A very recent study demonstrated lower performance in obese individuals in tasks assessing inter alia conceptualization, inhibition, problem solving, verbal fluency and cognitive flexibility [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obesity has been shown to be associated with greater symptom severity and reduction of quality of life in FMS [ 38 , 39 ]. Moreover, studies conducted in overweight and obese individuals drawn from the general population showed inverse associations between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive performance [ 40 – 43 ]. To our knowledge, only a single study has addressed this issue in FMS [ 44 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive function impairments in fibromyalgia syndrome: Relevance of clinical variables and body mass index

et al. 2018

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BackgroundSeveral investigations suggest the presence of deterioration of executive function in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The study quantified executive functions in patients with FMS. A wide array of functions was assessed, including updating, shifting and inhibition, as well as decision making and mental planning. Moreover, clinical variables were investigated as possible mediators of executive dysfunction, including pain severity, psychiatric comorbidity, medication and body mass index (BMI).MethodsFifty-two FMS patients and 32 healthy controls completed a battery of 14 neuropsychological tests. Clinical interviews were conducted and the McGill Pain Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale and Oviedo Quality of Sleep Questionnaire were presented.ResultsPatients performed poorer than controls on the Letter Number Sequencing, Arithmetic and Similarities subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the Spatial Span subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale, an N-back task, a verbal fluency task, the Ruff Figural Fluency Test, the Inhibition score of the Stroop Test, the Inhibition and Shifting scores of the Five Digits Test, the Key Search Test and the Zoo Map Task. Moreover, patients exhibited less steep learning curves on the Iowa Gambling Task. Among clinical variables, BMI and pain severity explained the largest proportion of performance variance.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated impairments in executive functions of updating, shifting inhibition, decision making and planning in FMS. While the mediating role of pain in cognitive impairments in FMS had been previously established, the influence of BMI is a novel finding. Overweight and obesity should be considered by FMS researchers, and in the treatment of the condition.

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The impact of obesity on neuropsychological functioning in adults with and without major depressive disorder

Cited by 30 publications

References 50 publications

The capacity of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder individuals to make autonomous decisions about pharmacological treatments for their illness in real life: A scoping review

The capacity of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder individuals to make autonomous decisions about pharmacological treatments for their illness in real life: A scoping review

Allostatic load and executive functions in overweight adults

Executive function impairments in fibromyalgia syndrome: Relevance of clinical variables and body mass index

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