Allostatic load and executive functions in overweight adults

Ottino‐González, Jonatan; Jurado, Marı́a Ángeles; García‐García, Isabel; Caldú, Xavier; Prats-Soteras, Xavier; Tor, Encarnació; Sender-Palacios, María José; Garolera, Maite

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.009

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Cognitive impairments further attenuate individuals' motivation and ability to engage in self-management activities and maintain therapeutic lifestyles. [36][37][38][39] Hence, combined exercise may have limited effect on BP and lipid control in people with T2D and concurrent overweight/obesity. More strategies need to be explored to help patients with T2D and concurrent overweight/obesity to simultaneously manage HbA1c, BP and cholesterol levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of combined exercise in people with type 2 diabetes and concurrent overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhao

Zeng

et al. 2021

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveTo synthesise the available scientific evidence on the effects of combined exercise on glycaemic control, weight loss, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure and serum lipids among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and concurrent overweight/obesity.Design and samplePubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane library, WANFANG, CNKI, SinoMed, OpenGrey and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception through April 2020 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that reported the effects of combined exercise in individuals with T2D and concurrent overweight/obesity.MethodsQuality assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. The mean difference (MD) with its corresponding 95% CI was used to estimate the effect size. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager V.5.3.ResultsA total of 10 RCTs with 978 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled results demonstrated that combined exercise significantly reduced haemoglobin A1c (MD=−0.16%, 95% CI: −0.28 to −0.05, p=0.006); body mass index (MD=−0.98 kg/m2, 95% CI: −1.41 to −0.56, p<0.001); homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (MD=−1.19, 95% CI: −1.93 to −0.46, p=0.001); serum insulin (MD=−2.18 μIU/mL, 95% CI: −2.99 to −1.37, p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (MD=−3.24 mm Hg, 95% CI: −5.32 to −1.16, p=0.002).ConclusionsCombined exercise exerted significant effects in improving glycaemic control, influencing weight loss and enhancing insulin sensitivity among patients with T2D and concurrent overweight/obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of combined exercise in people with type 2 diabetes and concurrent overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhao

Zeng

et al. 2021

BMJ Open

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“…Additionally, it has been reported that working memory in obesity is affected by inflammatory activity caused by the activation of immune system, which has been associated with impairments in neural processes that regulate the prefrontal cortex and are implicated in multiple processes of executive function [ 10 , 25 , 26 ]. Evidence from patients with dementia and laboratory studies in rodents have also demonstrated that adiposity and inflammation may alter brain structure, especially in obese patients, leading to a loss of synapses and deficits in the hippocampal region, which is directly involved in all memory processes [ 27 ]. Moreover, adiposity has also been associated with worse performance in young and older adults with normal weights in task switching, which requires working memory [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of BMI, Body Fat Mass and Visceral Fat in Executive Function in Individuals with Overweight and Obesity

et al. 2021

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Evidence accumulated to date suggests that excess weight in the adult population is associated with a wide range of impairments in executive function. However, most studies have only examined the influence of body mass index (BMI) on the cognitive function of individuals with overweight and obesity. This study examined the potential associations of markers of adiposity (BMI, body fat, and visceral fat) with five domains of executive function including cognitive flexibility, inhibition, monitoring, planning, and working memory in a sample of 87 adult with overweight (n = 34) and obesity (n = 53). The results show that obese people had poorer working memory than those with overweight. After controlling for educational levels and physical activity, the results suggest that neither the waist–hip index not visceral fat were associated with cognitive function. In overweight, body fat was negatively associated with executive components of inhibition (p = 0.05) and monitoring (p = 0.02). In the obesity subgroup, body fat was negatively associated with inhibition (0.02) and working memory (0.04). The results provide evidence of the importance of adiposity for cognitive function. The implications for understanding the influence of markers of adiposity in adults with overweight and obesity are discussed.

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“…Participants were recruited as part of two broader projects aimed at identifying the neuro-behavioral correlates of overweight and obesity in adolescence [27] and adulthood [28,29]. Participants gave their informed consent following the Helsinki s declaration, and the Committee of Bioethics of the University of Barcelona approved the projects.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restrained Eating Is Associated with Lower Cortical Thickness in the Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Adolescents

et al. 2021

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Some eating patterns, such as restrained eating and uncontrolled eating, are risk factors for eating disorders. However, it is not yet clear whether they are associated with neurocognitive differences. In the current study, we analyzed whether eating patterns can be used to classify participants into meaningful clusters, and we examined whether there are neurocognitive differences between the clusters. Adolescents (n = 108; 12 to 17 years old) and adults (n = 175, 18 to 40 years old) completed the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, which was used to classify participants according to their eating profile using k means clustering. Participants also completed personality questionnaires and a neuropsychological examination. A subsample of participants underwent a brain MRI acquisition. In both samples, we obtained a cluster characterized by high uncontrolled eating patterns, a cluster with high scores in restrictive eating, and a cluster with low scores in problematic eating behaviors. The clusters were equivalent with regards to personality and performance in executive functions. In adolescents, the cluster with high restrictive eating showed lower cortical thickness in the inferior frontal gyrus compared to the other two clusters. We hypothesize that this difference in cortical thickness represents an adaptive neural mechanism that facilitates inhibition processes.

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Allostatic load and executive functions in overweight adults

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Effectiveness of combined exercise in people with type 2 diabetes and concurrent overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effectiveness of combined exercise in people with type 2 diabetes and concurrent overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Role of BMI, Body Fat Mass and Visceral Fat in Executive Function in Individuals with Overweight and Obesity

Restrained Eating Is Associated with Lower Cortical Thickness in the Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Adolescents

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