The Impact of Hormone Replacement Therapy on the Detection and Stage of Breast Cancer

Cheek, J. Harold; Lacy, Judith; Toth-Fejel, SuEllen; Morris, Katherine T.; Calhoun, Kristine E.; Pommier, Rodney F.

doi:10.1001/archsurg.137.9.1015

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Hormone therapy has been found to confer greater risk on invasive lobular, tubular, and mixed ductal-lobular histologic types (5-7)-types associated with better outcomes in some but not all studies-than for invasive ductal cancers. In addition, hormone therapy -associated tumors have been shown to be smaller (8)(9)(10)(11), hormone receptor positive (12)(13)(14), of lower grade (14)(15)(16)(17)(18), and to have fewer affected nodes (9,19) than tumors not associated with hormone therapy use. However, due to the strong correlation between histologic type and clinical characteristics, in particular estrogen receptor/ progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status (20)(21)(22)(23)(24), it is unclear which tumor subtypes are most strongly associated with hormone therapy use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Clinical Breast Cancer Subtypes

Slanger

Chang‐Claude

Obi

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with subtypes that may vary in their etiologies. Menopausal hormone therapy has been associated more strongly with lobular and tubular than ductal histologic types and with tumors that are smaller, hormone receptor -positive, and of lower grade. At the same time, correlations have been observed between histology and clinical characteristics. To identify those tumor subtypes most strongly associated with hormone therapy use, it is necessary to disentangle these interrelationships. Methods: Based on 3,464 postmenopausal breast cancer cases and 6,657 controls from the population-based Mammary carcinoma Risk factor Investigation study, we used polytomous logistic regression to evaluate associations between hormone therapy use and risk of invasive breast cancer subtypes. We assessed variations in risk for selected tumor characteristics among histologic and hormone receptor subtypes, both overall and for specific hormone therapy regimens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Clinical Breast Cancer Subtypes

Slanger

Chang‐Claude

Obi

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…However, reduced breast cancer mortality has been observed among women using hormone therapy before breast cancer diagnosis in several studies (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). It is not yet clear whether associations with survival are attributable to the hormones themselves or to the healthier profiles, screening habits, or treatment choices of women prescribed hormones (8)(9)(10)). An inverse relation between hormone therapy use and breast cancer mortality might also be explained by more favorable tumor profiles, and therefore improved prognosis among hormone therapy users compared with nonusers (11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediagnostic Use of Hormone Therapy and Mortality After Breast Cancer

Newcomb

Egan

Trentham‐Dietz

et al. 2008

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: A few studies have observed reduced breast cancer mortality in women who used hormone therapy before diagnosis. Due to the high prevalence of past and current hormone use, it is important to investigate whether these preparations are related to breast cancer mortality. Methods: To evaluate the influence of prediagnostic use of hormone therapy on breast cancer mortality, a prospective cohort of 12,269 women ages 50 years or more diagnosed with incident invasive breast cancer and residents of Wisconsin, Massachusetts, or New Hampshire were enrolled in three phases beginning in 1988. They were followed for death until December 31, 2005, using the National Death Index. Cumulative mortality and multivariable adjusted hazard rate ratios for breast cancer and other mortality causes were calculated for women according to any hormone therapy use, and for exclusive use of estrogen or estrogen-progestin (EP).

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“…Their findings indicate that post-menopausal HRT is associated with distinct expression profiles of 276 genes, related to better recurrence-free survival and lower ER protein levels. Recent studies indicate less aggressive tumor characteristics in HRT users [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. The current study suggests that menopause may influence the expression of both molecular forms of the estrogen receptor in breast cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Expression of Estrogen Receptor Alpha and Beta in Breast Cancers of Pre- and Post-menopausal Women

Murillo-Ortíz

Pérez-Luque

Malacara

et al. 2008

Pathol. Oncol. Res.

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Expression of estrogen receptors (ER) is clinically relevant in designing therapeutic strategies. The relative importance of the two types of estrogen receptors (ER-alpha and ER-beta) in human breast cancers in pre- and post-menopausal women has not been properly defined. To determine the possible association between the expression of estrogen receptor and serum estradiol levels in pre- and post-menopausal women with breast cancer. 44 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast were studied and a breast tissue biopsy was taken. ER-alpha and ER-beta were detected by immunocytochemistry. Serum levels of estradiol and estrone were measured by radioimmunoassay and FSH was measured using IRMA. We studied 21 pre- and 23 post-menopausal women with breast carcinoma. Examining the number of cases with tumors positive for ER, we found no differences in the frequency of ER-alpha between pre- and post-menopausal women, but ER-beta decreased marginally after menopause (p < 0.051). In cases with tumors positive for ER, the proportion of cells positive for ER-alpha was similar post-menopausally (53.95%) and pre-menopausally (57.21%), but for ER-beta the number of positive cells decreased significantly after menopause (p < 0.051). In pre-menopausal women there was a correlation between serum estradiol levels and ER-beta; in post-menopausal women there was a correlation between serum FSH levels and ER-alpha. These results indicate that estradiol levels in women with mammary carcinoma are related to ER-beta expression in the breast tumor tissue.

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The Impact of Hormone Replacement Therapy on the Detection and Stage of Breast Cancer

Cited by 50 publications

References 26 publications

Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Clinical Breast Cancer Subtypes

Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Clinical Breast Cancer Subtypes

Prediagnostic Use of Hormone Therapy and Mortality After Breast Cancer

Expression of Estrogen Receptor Alpha and Beta in Breast Cancers of Pre- and Post-menopausal Women

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