The impact of EPA and DHA on blood lipids and lipoprotein metabolism: influence of apoE genotype

Anil, Eliz

doi:10.1017/s0029665107005307

Cited by 51 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Most studies have focused on the impact of APOE genotype on blood lipids (i.e., cholesterol and triglycerides) but not fatty acids (30)(31)(32). The modifying effect of APOE genotype on DHA metabolism has biological plausibility ( 2, 33 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between diet and plasma long-chain n-3 PUFAs in older people: impact of apolipoprotein E genotype

Samieri

Lorrain

Buaud

et al. 2013

Journal of Lipid Research

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( P < 0.0001), alcohol intake ( P = 0.0006), and female gender ( P = 0.02), and decreased with intensive consumption of n-6 oils ( P = 0.02). The positive association between fi sh consumption and plasma DHA was highly signifi cant whatever the APOE genotype ( P < 0.0001) but stronger in APOE4 noncarriers than in carriers ( P = 0.06 for interaction). Plasma DHA increased signifi cantly with age ( P = 0.009) in APOE4 noncarriers only. These fi ndings suggest that dietary habits, gender, and APOE4 genotype should be considered when designing interventions to increase n-3 PUFA blood levels in older people. -Samieri, C., S. Lorrain, B. Buaud, C. Vaysse, C. Berr, E. Peuchant, S. C. Cunnane, and P. Barberger-Gateau. Relationship between diet and plasma long-chain n-3 PUFAs in older people: impact of apolipoprotein E genotype. Long-chain n-3 PUFAs [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] could potentially exert a protective effect against brain aging due principally to their vascular, anti-infl ammatory, and neuroprotective properties ( 1 ). Accordingly, several epidemiological studies have observed an inverse association between habitual consumption of long-chain n-3 PUFAs or fi sh, their main dietary source, and risk of cognitive decline or dementia ( 1 ). However, this protective association may be limited to Abbreviations: 3C, Three-City; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALA, ␣ -linolenic acid; APOE4 , 4 allele of the APOE gene; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; HR, hazard ratio; RCT, randomized controlled trial.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between diet and plasma long-chain n-3 PUFAs in older people: impact of apolipoprotein E genotype

Samieri

Lorrain

Buaud

et al. 2013

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…14 Triglycerides play a central role in regulating LDL subfractions and can lead to catabolism of protective high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and generation of small, dense, highly atherogenic LDL particles. Fish oils may decrease triglycerides and redistribute LDLps toward larger, less dense particles characteristic of the low cardiovascular risk "pattern A" phenotype, 13,15 although they may also adversely increase concentrations of LDL-C. 16 Other putative mechanisms for fish oils include antiarrhythmic, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory effects 17,18 ; antiatherosclerotic effects on triglycerides and small dense LDL-C 13,19 -21 ; and blood pressure-lowering. 22 Hence, fish oil supplementation is recommended in high-risk patients and is popularly used across the general community for broader health benefits.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Moderate-Dose Omega-3 Fish Oil on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Mood After Ischemic Stroke

Poppitt

Howe

Lithander

et al. 2009

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-Fish-derived omega-3 fatty acids have long been associated with cardiovascular protection. In this trial, we assessed whether treatment with a guideline-recommended moderate-dose fish oil supplement could improve cardiovascular biomarkers, mood-and health-related quality of life in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods-Patients with CT-confirmed stroke were randomized to 3 g/day encapsulated fish oil containing approximately 1.2 g total omega-3 (0.7 g docosahexaenoic acid; 0.3 g eicosapentaenoic acid) or placebo oil (combination palm and soy) taken daily over 12 weeks. Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and associated lipoproteins, selected inflammatory and hemostatic markers, mood, and health-related quality of life were assessed at baseline and follow-up. The primary outcome was change in triglycerides. Compliance was assessed by capsule count and serum phospholipid omega-3 levels (Australian Clinical Trials Registration: ACTRN12605000207617). Results-One hundred two patients were randomized to fish oil or placebo. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol (Ͼ85% compliance) analyses showed no significant effect of fish oil treatment on any lipid, inflammatory, hemostatic, or composite mood parameters measured. Adherence to treatment based on pill count was good (89%) reflected by increased serum docosahexanoic acid (PϽ0.001) and eicosapentaenoic acid (Pϭ0.0006) in the fish oil group. Analysis of oil composition, however, showed some degradation and potentially adverse oxidation products at the end of the study. Conclusions-There was no effect of 12 weeks of treatment with moderate-dose fish oil supplements on cardiovascular biomarkers or mood in patients with ischemic stroke. It is possible that insufficient dose, short duration of treatment, and/or oxidation of the fish oils may have influenced these outcomes. (Stroke. 2009;40:3485-3492.)

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“…Other studies have shown that APOE genotype may also affect the impact of LC n-3 PUFA on inflammation, triglycerides concentration or cholesterol level (Anil, 2007;Carvalho-Wells et al, 2010;Carvalho-Wells et al, 2012). Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of this gene X diet interaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-chain omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognition in older people: interaction with APOE genotype

Barberger‐Gateau

Samieri

Cunnane³

2015

OCL

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-Basic research and epidemiological studies suggest a protective effect of long-chain omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) against age-related cognitive decline. However, most randomized controlled trials with LC n-3 PUFA supplements have yielded disappointing results on cognitive outcomes in older persons. One explanation for this discrepancy may be an inadequate targeting of potential beneficiaries of LC n-3 PUFA according to their Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. The aim of this paper was to examine the potential modifying effect of APOE genotype on LC n-3 PUFA metabolism and its relation to cognitive decline in older persons. At least five epidemiological studies and three intervention studies with LC n-3 PUFA supplements have found an interaction between LC n-3 PUFA and APOE genotype on cognition. However, the direction of the effect is inconsistent across studies: the impact of LC n-3 PUFA on cognition is stronger in APOE4 carriers (the main genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease) in some studies, but conversely stronger in APOE4 non-carriers in other studies. These discordant results may be explained by different age groups, cognitive status, measures of cognition, or amounts of DHA intake across studies. Experimental studies suggest that the APOE4 genotype modifies the metabolism of DHA. The APOE genotype should be systematically taken into account and interactions tested in epidemiological and intervention studies with LC n-3 PUFA. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of this gene X diet interaction.Keywords: Cognition / aging / omega3 fatty acids / Apolipoprotein E gene / DHA Résumé -Acides gras oméga-3 à longue chaîne et cognition chez les sujets âgés : interaction avec le géno-type APOE. La recherche fondamentale et les études épidémiologiques suggèrent un effet protecteur des acides gras oméga3 à longue chaîne (AGPI-LC n-3) contre le déclin cognitif lié à l'âge. Cependant les études d'intervention avec des suppléments d'AGPI-LC n-3 ont donné des résultats décevants sur la cognition. Une raison pourrait en être un ciblage inadéquat des bénéficiaires potentiels d'une supplémentation en raison notamment de leur génotype pour le gène de l'Apolipoprotéine E (APOE). L'objectif de cet article était d'explorer l'effet potentiellement modificateur du géno-type de l'APOE sur le métabolisme des AGPI-LC n-3 et sa relation avec le déclin cognitif chez le sujet âgé. Au moins cinq études épidémiologiques et trois études d'intervention ont mis en évidence une interaction entre les AGPI-LC n-3 et le génotype de l'APOE sur la cognition des personnes âgées. Cependant la direction de l'effet est inconstant entre les études, certaines montrent un impact des AGPI-LC n-3 uniquement chez les porteurs de l'allèle epsilon4 (APOE4), principal facteur de risque génétique de maladie d'Alzheimer, et d'autres inversement un effet chez les non-porteurs de l'APOE4. Ces résultats discordants peuvent s'expliquer par des différences d'âge, de statut cognitif, de domaine d...

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The impact of EPA and DHA on blood lipids and lipoprotein metabolism: influence of apoE genotype

Cited by 51 publications

References 67 publications

Relationship between diet and plasma long-chain n-3 PUFAs in older people: impact of apolipoprotein E genotype

Relationship between diet and plasma long-chain n-3 PUFAs in older people: impact of apolipoprotein E genotype

Effects of Moderate-Dose Omega-3 Fish Oil on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Mood After Ischemic Stroke

Long-chain omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognition in older people: interaction with APOE genotype

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