The impact of caregivers’ expressed emotion and the patients’ perception of expressed emotion on the positive and negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia in a sample from Turkey

Abstract

The impact of caregivers' expressed emotion and the patients' perception of expressed emotion on the positive and negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia in a sample from TurkeyObjective: Although the effects of caregivers' expressed emotion on the relapse of patients with schizophrenia have been studied widely, there is a relative paucity of research on how the patients' perceived expressed emotion affects outcome in schizophrenia. The main aim of this study was to examine the relative impacts of patients' perceived expressed emotion and the caregivers' expressed emotion on the symptom severity of patients with schizophrenia. Method: In this prospective study, at the first assessment session, 116 stable patients were administered the Perceived Expressed Emotion Scale (PEES), the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) as the primary outcome measure. Their caregivers were administered the Expressed Emotion Scale (EES). At the second assessment six months later, PANNS was re-administered to the patients. Results: The patients' perceived expressed emotion was more important than caregivers' expressed emotion on symptom severity. It was found that patients' perceived criticism/hostility (C/H) was a risky element on positive and negative symptoms, and on the total scores of PANSS. Patients' perceptions of emotional over-involvement (EOI) appeared to be stronger protectors against relapse than C/H. Conclusion: Family environments with high EOI may protect against relapse in patients with schizophrenia. This finding can be interpreted in cross-cultural context. Psychosocial interventions should foster and maintain according to the cultural differences. The limitations and clinical implications of the results and directions for future studies were suggested. Key words: Expressed emotion, perceived expressed emotion, positive and negative symptoms, schizophrenia ÖZET Türkiye'den bir örneklemde şizofreni tanısı alan hastaların pozitif ve negatif belirtileri üzerinde bakımverenlerin duygu dışavurumu ve hastaların algıladığı duygu dışavurumunun etkisi Amaç: Şizofreni tanısı alan hastaların hastalıklarının nüks etmesi üzerinde bakım verenlerin duygu dışavurumunun etkisini araştıran çok sayıda araştırma bulunmakla birlikte, hastaların tarafından algılanan duygu dışavurumun hastalık sonucu üzerinde nasıl bir etkisi olduğu konusunda araştırmalar azdır. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı şizofreni tanısı olan hastaların belirti düzeyi üzerinde bakım verenlerin duygu dışavurumu ve hastalar tarafından algılanan duygu dışavurumunun etkisini incelemektir. Yöntem: Yapılan uzunlamasına çalışmanın ilk değerlendirme oturumunda 116 stabil durumda olan hastaya Algılanan Duygu Dışavurumu Ölçeği (ADDÖ), temel sonuç ölçümü olarak Şizofreni için Pozitif ve Negatif Belirti Ölçeği (PANSS) uygulanmıştır. Bakım verenlere ise Duygu Dışavurumu Ölçeği (DDÖ) verilmiştir. Altı ay sonraki ikinci değerlendirme oturumunda, hastalara PANSS yeniden uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların algıladıkları duygu dışavurumu bakım verenle...

Early period self-care ability and care requirements of schizophrenia patients after discharge

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The experiences of Turkish families caring for individuals with Schizophrenia: A qualitative inquiry

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The Impact of Burnout Among Families and Relatives of Psychiatry Patients: A Literature Review

“…Even though the concept of caregiving burnout was initially applicable to professional roles, modern day research has aptly disclosed that family members and relatives of individuals with mental disorders tend to suffer from burnout symptoms comparable to the symptoms experienced by professionals, including psychiatrists and nurses [22,23]. The feeling of emotional exhaustion and drain does not only proffer adverse effect on the family and relative's quality of life and is regarded as a risk to the relative's and family's mental problems, but additionally prompts negative defense mechanisms that adversely impact their involvement in the provision of care to the patient [24].…”

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