The impact of breeding on fruit production in warm climates of Brazil

Pereira

et al. 2019

SCA

The poor chemical quality of water, especially in arid and semiarid regions, almost always precludes the practice of irrigated agriculture, thus demanding the adoption of techniques that mitigate the deleterious effects of excess salt on soil and plants. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilization in mitigating the negative effects of excess salt in irrigation water on the growth of yellow passion fruit seedlings grown in a greenhouse in plastic tubes containing 0.65 dm3 of substrate. The treatments were organized in randomized blocks, in accordance with a 5 × 3 factorial scheme – five electrical conductivities of irrigation water (0.3, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 dS m?1) combined with three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (no nitrogen fertilization and 150 mg dm?3 of N derived from either ammonium sulfate or urea). Evaluations were performed 80 days after sowing and consisted of measuring the seedling height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, leaf concentration of chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, and Dickson quality index. An increase in the electrical conductivity of irrigation water hindered the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings. Nitrogen fertilization, with urea or ammonium sulfate, mitigated the effects of irrigation water salinity and favored the growth and quality of yellow passion fruit seedlings. Yellow passion fruit seedlings with a minimum quality standard (DQI) can be produced with irrigation water with salinity of 1.8 dS m?1, which means they can be considered as moderately sensitive. The higher quality provided by nitrogen to the yellow passion fruit seedlings made them more tolerant to salinity, allowing the use of water with salinity of 2.1 and 2.5 dS m?1 under fertilization with ammonium sulfate and urea, respectively.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen as a mitigator of salt stress in yellow passion fruit seedlingss

Pereira

et al. 2019

SCA

Journal of Food Science

“…Brazil is an important producer of fruits in the world and according to Annual Brazilian Fruit () the country is the 3rd largest producer of fruits worldwide, with a production of approximately 42 million tons per year. This is due to its favorable climatic conditions and the great diverse of fruits in different regions of the country (Pommer and Barbosa ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Chromaticity, Phenolics, Carotenoids, and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Frozen Fruit Pulp in Brazil: An Application of Chemometrics

Zielinski

Ávila

Ito

et al. 2014

A total of 19 Brazilian frozen pulps from the following fruits: açai (Euterpe oleracea), blackberry (Rubus sp.), cajá (Spondias mombin), cashew (Anacardium occidentale), cocoa (Theobroma cacao), coconut (Cocos nucifera), grape (Vitis sp.), graviola (Annona muricata), guava (Psidium guajava), papaya (Carica papaya), peach (Prunus persica), pineapple (Ananas comosus), pineapple and mint (A. comosus and Mentha spicata), red fruits (Rubus sp. and Fragaria sp.), seriguela (Spondias purpurea), strawberry (Fragaria sp.), tamarind (Tamarindus indica), umbu (Spondias tuberosa), and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) were analyzed in terms of chromaticity, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and in vitro antioxidant activity using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Data were processed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Antioxidant capacity was measured by DPPH and FRAP assays, which showed significant (P < 0.01) correlation with total phenolic compounds (r = 0.88 and 0.70, respectively), total flavonoids (r = 0.63 and 0.81, respectively), and total monomeric anthocyanins (r = 0.59 and 0.73, respectively). PCA explained 74.82% of total variance of data, and the separation into 3 groups in a scatter plot was verified. Three clusters also suggested by HCA, corroborated with PCA, in which cluster 3 was formed by strawberry, red fruits, blackberry, açaí, and grape pulps. This cluster showed the highest contents of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity.

Journal of Phytopathology

“…The planting of table grapes in tropical areas has been expanding due to bud dormancy breaking techniques and crop management adequacy depending on the region and climate in which the crop is to be cultivated (Pommer & Barbosa, ). However, in the areas studied, climate has been a limiting factor, since it favours the development of diseases that can cause damage and loss in the vineyards, where the predominant disease is downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola (Berk & Curt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and quality of grapes cultivated under plastic coverings with different downy mildew control strategies

Holcman

Sentelhas

Spósito

et al. 2019

Viticulture has been expanding in tropical regions. However, the climate in these areas is generally favourable to the incidence of plant diseases, especially downy mildew. Plastic covers and warning systems have shown very positive results in disease control, but they are tools that have never been used simultaneously in a tropical area. The Vitis vinifera cv. BRS Morena table grape was evaluated as regards yield and quality under different downy mildew control strategies as carried out on vineyards trained on an overhead trellis system, covered by a black shading screen (BSS) or a braided polypropylene film (BPF), over a 3‐year period. Different grapevine downy mildew management approaches defined the treatments: Co) Control (no spraying); Ca) Conventional control (calendar); Ba) “Rule 3–10” (Atti Istituto Botanico, 8, 1947, 45); Ma25) Low‐infection efficiency—i0>25%; and Ma75) High‐infection efficiency—i0>75% (Plant Disease, 84, 2000, 549). The occurrence of downy mildew and the amount of damage inflicted on vine yield and grape quality are directly related to the period of the crop cycle when there is rainfall. The use of the Ma75 warning system (Plant Disease, 84, 2000, 549) under braided polypropylene film resulted, for the most part, in similar vineyard productivity compared to Ca, but did not influence the number of branches and its fertility. The other warning systems decreased productivity by 31.9% compared to Ca. It was not possible to establish a relationship between the occurrence of downy mildew and its influence on grape sweetness and acidity. The use of warning systems led to a substantial reduction in fungicide sprays, approximately 66.7 to 71.3%, compared to the calendar system commonly used by the vine growers, with the Ba (Atti Istituto Botanico, 8, 1947, 45) and Ma75 controls (Plant Disease, 84, 2000, 549) leading to the highest fungicide saving.