The immunomodulatory effect of LPS, laminaran and sulphated laminaran [β(l,3)‐D‐glucan] on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., macrophages in vitro

Abstract

. The stimulatory effect of LPS (Vibrio anguillarum), laminaran and sulphated laminaran, aqueous soluble β(1,6)‐branched β(l,3)‐D‐glucan obtained from Laminaria hyperborea, on head kidney macrophages of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., is reported. The macrophages, after stimulation with LPS or laminaran, showed pronounced spreading, membrane ruffling and increased organellc content when examined by light microscopy. LPS stimulation induced enhanced phagocytic and pinocytic activity, higher intraccllular production of superoxide anion, and higher activity of acid phosphatase compared to control cells. Native laminaran stimulated the cells to pinocytose more fluid phase, increase the intracellular production of superoxide anion and to elevate the activity of acid phosphatase. Sulphated laminaran induced higher production of superoxide anion and higher activity of acid phosphatase by macrophages than in control cells.

Feeding common carp Cyprinus carpio with β-glucan supplemented diet stimulates C-reactive protein and complement immune acute phase responses following PAMPs injection

“…These results support the hypothesis that, as the b-glucan was incorporated into food, its stimulating effects were initially localised in the mid-gut. For instance, it has been shown in S. salar that b-glucan was absorbed by the posterior part of the gut [23]. However, in this study, early effects, mostly gene down-regulations, were detected in the liver and head kidney, suggesting that the b-glucan may also have some systemic effects that are organ and time dependent.…”

Trials to improve the response of Orechromis niloticus to Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine using immunostimulants (garlic, Echinacea) and probiotics (Organic GreenTM and Vet-YeastTM)

“…Several researchers reported the effect of β-(1,3) D-glucan on the nonspecific cellular and humoral defense mechanisms, including the function of phagocytes, bacterial killing activity of macrophages in rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon and catfish (Nikl et al, 1991). β-(1, 3) D-glucan induces the production of superoxide anion by macrophages (Dalmo and Seljelid, 1995) and accelerates the synthesis of cytokine-like molecules (Yoshida et al, 1995). The protective effect of echinacea preparations may be due to the activation of lymphocytes (Wagner et al, 1986).…”

Changes in the Haematological Parameters of Carp, Cyprinus Carpjo L., Induced by Laminarin and Nigella Sativa Oil During the Motile Aeromonas Septicemia Disease

“…Moreover, various jff-K3-D-glucans are reported to enhance the non-specific resistance in fish and/or to have a stimulatory effect on fish macrophages in vivo and in vitro (Anderson, 1992;Jorgensen & Robertsen. 1994;Sveinbftmsson &Seljelid, 1995). Engstad & Robertsen (1993) showed that Atlantic salmon macrophages appear to express a specific receptor for yeast glucan, which supports a role for macrophages in the glucan-induced antibacterial defense of fish.…”