Feeding common carp Cyprinus carpio with β-glucan supplemented diet stimulates C-reactive protein and complement immune acute phase responses following PAMPs injection

Pionnier, Nicolas; Falcó, Alberto; Miest, Joanna J.; Shrive, A.K.; Hoole, D.

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.008

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In aquaculture situations it is therefore important to administer β-glucan at concentrations which are high enough to stimulate the immune response, but also low enough to avoid any possible adverse effects due to high doses. This supports our previous observations [10,11,13,16,22] in which we showed that MacroGard ® administered at the producer recommended (10 -15 mg/kg bodyweight) dose does not induce apoptosis in pronephric cells but stimulates the immune response.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Time and concentration dependency of MacroGard® induced apoptosis

Miest

Hoole

2015

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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In previous studies an effect of β-glucan on apoptosis in fish was noted and in this investigation we determine the time and concentration dependency of this effect. Primary cell cultures of pronephric carp cells were incubated for 6, 24, 48 h with various concentrations ranging from 0 -1000 μg/ml of MacroGard ® β-glucan. Apoptosis was monitored via acridine orange staining. Results indicate a clear effect of time and concentration on the induction of apoptosis in vitro, with only concentration ≥ 500 μg/ml causing significantly higher percentages of apoptotic cells. Apoptosis was detected after 6 h. This concentration dependent effect has to be considered when studying apoptosis in relation to immunostimulation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In both mammals and fish, β-glucan recognition results in the activation of macrophages, which induces phagocytosis, leukocyte migration and the production of cytokines (e.g. IL-1, TNFα), nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species, as well as the enhancement of complement activity [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time and concentration dependency of MacroGard® induced apoptosis

Miest

Hoole

2015

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…At the transcript level the zfCD4-1 and zfCD4-2 genes were highly expressed in various lymphoid tissues, including liver which contains immune cells (T cells, B cells, myeloid cells) and has an immune function in fish [60, 61], with no clear differences in expression level between the genes when analyzing total tissue RNA. This result is similar to earlier findings from other fish species [20, 21, 62, 63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Demonstration of Antigen Induced Cytokine Expression by CD4-1+ Lymphocytes in a Poikilotherm: Studies in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

et al. 2015

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Adaptive immunity in homeotherms depends greatly on CD4+ Th cells which release cytokines in response to specific antigen stimulation. Whilst bony fish and poikilothermic tetrapods possess cells that express TcR and CD4-related genes (that exist in two forms in teleost fish; termed CD4-1 and CD4-2), to date there is no unequivocal demonstration that cells equivalent to Th exist. Thus, in this study we determined whether CD4-1+ lymphocytes can express cytokines typical of Th cells following antigen specific stimulation, using the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Initially, we analyzed the CD4 locus in zebrafish and found three CD4 homologues, a CD4-1 molecule and two CD4-2 molecules. The zfCD4-1 and zfCD4-2 transcripts were detected in immune organs and were most highly expressed in lymphocytes. A polyclonal antibody to zfCD4-1 was developed and used with an antibody to ZAP70 and revealed double positive cells by immunohistochemistry, and in the Mycobacterium marinum disease model CD4-1+ cells were apparent surrounding the granulomas typical of the infection. Next a prime-boost experiment, using human gamma globulin as antigen, was performed and revealed for the first time in fish that zfCD4-1+ lymphocytes increase the expression of cytokines and master transcription factors relevant to Th1/Th2-type responses as a consequence of boosting with specific antigen.

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“…Studies conducted on different fish species, such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, Linnaeus 1758) [18], rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) [15,19,20], spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus, Steindachner 1869) [21], common carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758) [16,22,23], roho labeo (Labeo rohita, Hamilton 1822) [13,24], gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata Linnaeus 1758) [25], sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Linnaeus 1758) [26,27], Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758) [28], silver seabream (Pagrus auratus, Forster 1801) [12], large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea, Richardson 184) [29], and southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii, Castelnau 1872) [30] have reported that β-glucans act by modulating different parameters of the immune response and increasing resistance to diseases [8,12]. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the effect of different oral doses of β-1,3/1,6-glucan on growth, survival, digestive enzymatic activity, and the expression of several genes associated with the immune system and the intestinal barrier function in juveniles of the tropical gar (A. tropicus).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of β-Glucans in Diets on Growth, Survival, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Immune System and Intestinal Barrier Gene Expression for Tropical Gar (Atractosteus tropicus) Juveniles

Nieves-Rodríguez

Álvarez‐González

Peña-Marín

et al. 2018

Fishes

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Abstract:The application of β-1,3/1,6-glucan derived from yeast at five concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) in formulated diets was evaluated in juveniles for its effects on the growth, survival, digestive enzymatic activity, and expression of genes associated with the immune system (interlukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor (TGF), occludin (OCC), mucin2 (MUC2), lysozyme (LYS), and nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2)) in tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus). For the experiment, three replicates of 30 fish per experimental unit (70 L) were cultivated for 62 days. The growth results showed no statistically significant differences in relation to weight and total length between treatments. The activity of digestive enzymes (alkaline proteases, trypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, and amylase) did not show significant differences between treatments, except for chymotrypsin activity, where fish fed 1.0% and 1.5% of β-glucans showed higher activities compared with the rest of the treatments. On the other hand, the analysis of gene expression did not show significant differences between treatments, although a tendency of increase in the expression of IL-10, TGF, MUC2, and OCC was observed with an addition of 1.5% of the prebiotic, but there was a decrease in the fish fed with 2% of the prebiotic. It is possible to include concentrations of between 0.5% and 1.5% of β-glucans in the diets for A. tropicus, with no detectable adverse effects on growth, survival, digestive enzyme activity, or specific gene expression. β-glucan 1,3/1,6 added at 1.0% and 1.5% in the diet significantly increases chymotrypsin activity.

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Feeding common carp Cyprinus carpio with β-glucan supplemented diet stimulates C-reactive protein and complement immune acute phase responses following PAMPs injection

Cited by 43 publications

References 56 publications

Time and concentration dependency of MacroGard® induced apoptosis

Time and concentration dependency of MacroGard® induced apoptosis

First Demonstration of Antigen Induced Cytokine Expression by CD4-1+ Lymphocytes in a Poikilotherm: Studies in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Effect of β-Glucans in Diets on Growth, Survival, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Immune System and Intestinal Barrier Gene Expression for Tropical Gar (Atractosteus tropicus) Juveniles

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