The Immune Response to Heterologous Red Cells in Mice

Dietrich, Felix M.; Dukor, P.

doi:10.1159/000161757

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with the generally accepted view that the IgM antibody responses do not display immunological memory (26,27), and with several detailed studies of the primary and secondary responses to SRBC, humoral and cellular (28)(29)(30)(31)(32). In contrash immunization markedly increased the frequencies of splenic ASU for indirect (IgG) PFC and for CFC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These latter findings are also consistent with the view that IgG responses do display immunological memory, and with the descriptions of anti-SRBC responses. For example, the secondary increase of IgG hemolysin titers is not as great as that of IgG hemagglutinin titers (28)(29)(30)(31)(32). Accordingly, we have found that ASU for indirect hemolytic PFC increased upon immunization by a factor of 15.7, while ASU for hemagglutinating CFC increased by a factor of 32.7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellular Differentiation of the Immune System of Mice

Shearer

Cudkowicz

Priore

1969

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Antibody-forming cells produce, as a rule, only one of several possible species of immunoglobulins at any one time. Apparently, imrnunocytes are differentiated so as to synthesize exclusively antibody of one given antigen-specifidty (1-10), biological activity (11, 12), and immunoglobulin class or subclass (4,(12)(13)(14)(15). Specialization of imrnunocytes is so extreme that only one allotypic variant of a particular immunoglobulin subclass is produced by cells possessing the genetic information for two variants (16-18). Identification of the source of the diversity among irnrnunocytes is a major goal in immunology, since it bears upon the instructive and selective theories of antibody formation. One way of studying the mechanism by which this diversity is generated, is to recognize the stages and cell types along the lymphoid and/or myeloid differentiation pathways at which specialized functions arise, and possibly, the sequential development of different levels of specialization.The immediate precursors of antibody-forming cells are units d one or more highly integrated cell types that do not release antibody, but interact with antigen and generate functional immunocytes by proliferation and/or differentiation (2, 3, 12, 19). Such integrated units, called antigen-sensitive units (ASU), are found in spleen, lymph nodes (19,20), and peripheral blood (unpublished results), and are detected by transplantation methods. Some of the cellular components of ASU are found separately in marrow and in thymus, since artificial mixtures of ceils from these and other organs yield functional ASU (21, 22). Like antibody-forming cells, splenic ASU have undergone antigen-specificity differentiation (8,9,23,24), antibody-class differentiation (12) and presumably allotypic restriction (18) before contact with antigen. Hence, diversity had occurred at least at the time of splenic ASU assembly. In a preceeding paper of this series (12) we demonstrated that splenic ASU reacting with the antigen complex of sheep erythrocytes were specialized, for they generated either hemolytic plaque-forming cells (PFC) or hemagglutinating duster-forming cells (CFC), but not both. Furthermore, some of the precursors of hemolysin-forming cells generated directl

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Differentiation of the Immune System of Mice

Shearer

Cudkowicz

Priore

1969

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…4 days later the animals were bled by orbital puncture and the spleen excised. Haemagglutinin and haemolysin determinations of individual sera using the Takatsy Microtiter outfit, as well as the assessment of haemolytic plaque formation by single spleen cells in agar (41) were performed as reported before (17,19). Titres were expressed as reciprocals of the endpoint dilutions (powers to the base 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment of Phytohaemagglutinin-Induced Blastic Transformation in Lymphnodes from Thymectomized Mice

Dukor¹,

Dietrich²

1967

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…Measurement of Antibody Acti~'ity.--The anti-SRBC titer of the serum of mice immunized to SRBC was determined by hemagglutination assay (21). The titer of mouse anti-FTG serum was measured either by its hemagglutination activity against SRBC coated with FTG in the form of fowl anti-SRBC imrnunoglobulin G, as described elsewhere (13) or by microprecipitation assay with F3,G-125I, in a manner analogous to the previously described method of testing for anti-immunoglobulin sara (18).…”

Section: Antigens--fowl Immunoglobulin G (F3'g) Sheep Erythrocytes mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-to-Cell Interaction in the Immune Response

Miller

Sprent

Basten

et al. 1971

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Experiments were designed to test the possibility that thymus-derived (T) cells cooperate with nonthymus derived (B) cells in antibody responses by acting as passive carriers of antigen. Thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) from fowl γG-tolerant mice were incubated in vitro with fowl anti-mouse lymphocyte globulin (FALG), which was shown not to be immunosuppressive in mice. On transfer into adult thymectomized, irradiated, and marrow protected (TxBM) hosts together with a control antigen, horse RBC, a response to horse RBC but not to fowl γG was obtained. By contrast, TxBM recipients of nontolerant, FALG-coated TDL responded to both antigens and the antibody-forming cells were shown to be derived from the host, not from the injected TDL. These findings suggested that, under the conditions of the experiment, triggering of unprimed B cells in the spleens of TxBM hosts was not achieved with antigen-coated tolerant lymphocytes. Another model utilized the ability of B cells to bind antibody-antigen complexes. Spleen cells from TxBM mice, incubated in vitro with anti-fowl γG-fowl γG·NIP, were injected with or without normal TDL (a source of T cells) into irradiated hosts. Only mice given both cell types could produce an anti-NIP antibody response. In a further experiment, spleen cells from HGG·NIP-primed mice were injected together with NIP-coated B cells (prepared as above) into irradiated hosts. A substantial anti-NIP antibody response occurred. If, however, the T cells in the spleens of HGG·NIP-primed mice were eliminated by treatment with anti-θ serum and complement, the NIP response was abolished. It was concluded that antigen-coated B cells could not substitute for T cells either in the primary or secondary response. Treatment of T cells from unprimed or primed mice with mitomycin C impaired their capacity to collaborate with B cells on transfer into irradiated hosts. Taken together these findings suggest that before collaboration can take place T cells must be activated by antigen to differentiate and in so doing may produce some factor essential for triggering of B cells.

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The Immune Response to Heterologous Red Cells in Mice

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Cellular Differentiation of the Immune System of Mice

Cellular Differentiation of the Immune System of Mice

Impairment of Phytohaemagglutinin-Induced Blastic Transformation in Lymphnodes from Thymectomized Mice

Cell-to-Cell Interaction in the Immune Response

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