The Identification of Mutagenic Chemical Species in Air Particulate Samples

Factors Influencing the Emissions of Nitrated-Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons(Nitro-PAH) from Diesel Engines

“…It has been previously reported 19 ' 20 ' 36 that some of the compounds listed above account for up to 50% of the direct acting (TA 98) mutagenicity of diesel particulate extracts. The dramatic changes in concentration of these species will affect proportionally the relative contribution of these compounds to total extract mutagenicity.…”

Characterization of microbial mutagens in complex samples—methodology and application

“…Especially the HPLC procedure used by Schuetzle et al 146 and Alfheim 100 show nearly 100% recovery of the activity as measured without S9.…”

“…143 Normal phase HPLC was chosen mainly because of its ability to provide adequate resolution in analytical-as well as in preparative-scale separation. The reproducibility in terms of retention time and fluorescence peak area measurements was found reasonably good in a round-robin test, and the reproducibility of some specific compounds was investigated 146 and found to be dependent upon the concentration of these compounds in the mixture. The authors found that the recovery of 1-nitropyrene was better than 80 to 90% in concentrations between 50 and 100 ppm, but as low as 10% when the concentration sank below 1 ppm.…”

“…Several mutagenic nitroarenes were identified. 143146 A modification of the procedure described by Schuetzle et al 146 was used by Alfheim 100 for samples of ambient air. As for diesel extracts, the recovery of mutagenic activity was found to be close to 100%.…”

Predicting toxicity through a computer automated structure evaluation program.

“…Among these, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (2), their nitro derivatives (3,4), a number of aromatic amines (5), and halogenated (6,7) as well as N-nitroso derivatives (8,9) are ubiquitous in the environment. Obviously, the presence of such biologically potent molecules in the air and in foods is cause for concern and it is not surprising to find that a major effort is underway to try to identify and eliminate these chemicals from the environment.…”