The Human Mesenteric Lymph Node Microbiome Differentiates Between Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Kiernan, Miranda G.; Coffey, Calvin; McDermott, Kieran W.; Cotter, Paul D.; Cabrera‐Rubio, Raúl; Kiely, Patrick A.; Dunne, Colum P.

doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy136

Cited by 55 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…A novel study shows that there are distinct differences between the CD and UC mesenteric lymph node microbiomes. This discovery is helpful for diagnosing UC …”

Section: Ecological Imbalance Of Intestinal Flora In Ucmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This discovery is helpful for diagnosing UC. 111 Although the gut microbiota constitute a stable ecosystem with complexity, diversity and redundancy, our previous understanding of intestinal flora as an ecosystem has been limited to theoretical concepts and some empirical knowledge. 112,113 Studying interrelationships within a microbiome requires an analysis of inter-individual or inter-species interactions, but the manner and intensity of the interaction is unclear.…”

Section: Immunity Response Mediated By Flora In Ucmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis: insights on pathogenesis and treatment

Guo

Liu

Hao

2020

J of Digest Diseases

147

110

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Gut microbiota constitute the largest reservoir of the human microbiome and are an abundant and stable ecosystem—based on its diversity, complexity, redundancy, and host interactions This ecosystem is indispensable for human development and health. The integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier depends on its interactions with gut microbiota. The commensal bacterial community is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC). The dysbiosis of microbes is characterized by reduced biodiversity, abnormal composition of gut microbiota, altered spatial distribution, as well as interactions among microbiota, between different strains of microbiota, and with the host. The defects in microecology, with the related metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms, play a critical role in the innate immunity of the intestinal mucosa in UC. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used to treat many diseases related to gut microbiota, with the most promising outcome reported in antibiotic‐associated diarrhea, followed by IBD. This review evaluated the results of various reports of FMT in UC. The efficacy of FMT remains highly controversial, and needs to be regularized by integrated management, standardization of procedures, and individualization of treatment.

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“…A novel study shows that there are distinct differences between the CD and UC mesenteric lymph node microbiomes. This discovery is helpful for diagnosing UC …”

Section: Ecological Imbalance Of Intestinal Flora In Ucmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Immunity Response Mediated By Flora In Ucmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis: insights on pathogenesis and treatment

Guo

Liu

Hao

2020

J of Digest Diseases

147

110

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“…The mesenteric lymph node (MLN) is the main draining lymph node in mouse enterocoelia which contains many types of immune cells [8]. MLN has been associated with initiation of immunological responses to bacterial translocation and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) [9]. Moreover, it was reported that MLN CD4 + T lymphocytes could migrate to liver and contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TLR7 Modulated T Cell Response in the Mesenteric Lymph Node of Schistosoma japonicum-Infected C57BL/6 Mice

Jin

et al. 2019

Journal of Immunology Research

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in regulating immune responses during pathogen infection. However, roles of TLRs on T cells reside in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) were not be fully elucidated in the course of S. japonicum infection. In this study, T lymphocytes from the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) of S. japonicum-infected mice were isolated and the expression and roles of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were compared. We found that the expression of TLR7 was increased in the MLN cells of S. japonicum-infected mice, particularly in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (P<0.05). R848, a TLR7 agonist, could enhance the production of IFN-γ from MLN T cells of infected mice (P<0.05), especially in CD8+ T cells (P<0.01). In TLR7 gene knockedout (KO) mice, the S. japonicum infection caused a significant decrease (P<0.05) of the expression of CD25 and CD69, as well as the production of IFN-γ and IL-4 inducted by PMA plus ionomycin on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the decreased level of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the supernatants of SEA- or SWA-stimulated mesenteric lymphocytes was detected (P<0.05). Our results indicated that S. japonicum infection could induce the TLR7 expression on T cells in the MLN of C57BL/6 mice, and TLR7 mediates T cell response in the early phase of infection.

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“…Wide resection of the margins of macroscopically normal bowel to ensure clearance of all macroscopic, and possibly microscopic bowel disease, does not lead to a decrease in postoperative recurrence [19][20][21]. Mesenteric tissue, which includes fat, lymphatics, vessels, and nerves, is not considered as a "bystander" in CD [3,[22][23][24]. We recently reported that the increased visceral fat area is an independent risk factor of postoperative disease recurrence in patients with CD [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to mesenteric fat, lymphatic alterations, such as increased mesenteric lymphatic-vessel density, are also associated with postoperative disease recurrence [7,30]. Additionally, bacterial translocation to mesenteric adipocytes and to the mesenteric lymph nodes are common in patients with CD [22], which may lead to an increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and result in perpetual inflamed mesenteric and intestinal inflammation. The cross-talk among stromal cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenteric excision surgery or conservative limited resection in Crohn’s disease: study protocol for an international, multicenter, randomized controlled trial

Mohan

et al. 2020

Trials

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Background: The structures of the mesentery including adipose tissue, nerves, and lymphatics play an important role in the pathogenesis and disease progression of Crohn's disease (CD). Conventional surgical resection for CD usually does not involve resecting the mesentery en bloc with the specimen. This contrasts with complete mesocolic excision (CME) in colorectal cancer, which involves radical resection of the mesentery. Preliminary evidence from smaller studies suggests that applying the principle of mesocolic excision to CD surgery may reduce the risk of postoperative recurrence. This randomized controlled trial is designed to test whether applying the principles of mesocolic excision to CD results in reduced postoperative recurrence. It also aims to evaluate intra-and postoperative morbidity between the two approaches.Methods: This international, multicenter, randomized controlled trial will randomize patients (n = 116) scheduled to undergo primary ileocolic resection to either receive extensive mesenteric excision (EME) or conventional ileocolic resection with limited mesenteric excision (LME). Five sites will recruit patients in three countries. In the EME group, the mesentery is resected following CME, while avoiding the root region, i.e., 1 cm from the root of the ileocolic artery and vein. In the LME group, the mesentery is retained, i.e., "close shave" or < 3 cm from the border of bowel. The primary end point will be surgical recurrence after surgery. The secondary end points will be the postoperative endoscopic and clinical recurrence, and intra-and postoperative morbidity. Demographics, risk factors, laboratory investigations, endoscopy, postoperative prophylaxis and imaging examination will be assessed. Analysis of the primary outcome will be on an intention-to-treat basis.Discussion: If mesocolic excision in CD reduces postoperative disease recurrence and does not increase morbidity, this trial has the potential to change practice and reduce recurrence of CD after surgical resection.

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The Human Mesenteric Lymph Node Microbiome Differentiates Between Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Cited by 55 publications

References 59 publications

Gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis: insights on pathogenesis and treatment

Gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis: insights on pathogenesis and treatment

TLR7 Modulated T Cell Response in the Mesenteric Lymph Node of Schistosoma japonicum-Infected C57BL/6 Mice

Mesenteric excision surgery or conservative limited resection in Crohn’s disease: study protocol for an international, multicenter, randomized controlled trial

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