The Hispano–Arab garden its philosophy and function

Abstract

The literary genres of nawrīyāt and rauḍīyāt, the description respectively of flowers and gardens, figure amongst those most cultivated by Hispano-Arab poets, and it would be superfluous to identify all the poets who found in a garden the most congenial source of their inspiration. One case must suffice: that of Ibn Khafāja, styled al-jannān ‘the gardener’ on account of the predilection he showed for this genre. Just as the full understanding of Graeco Raman poetry is impossible unless the reader know what such plants as laurel, ivy, and myrtle signifed to the ancients, the study of Arab gardening is important in superlative degree for the correct interpretation of Arabic poetry. But this is not the only point of contact between gardening and literature: for, by strange coincidence, the normalk critical procedure used in analysing a work of literature, namely to consider it under its dual aspect of form and content, is equally aplicable to garden design and we purpose here first to discover the plan or form of the Hispano-Arab garden and then examine its content or flora.

Ritual plants of Muslim graveyards in northern Israel

“…While according to others: "Aromatic herbs and strongly scented flowers may suggest the original use of funeral flowers... to mask the odour of decaying flesh" [[ 5 ]:186–187]. " Aromatic herbs and strongly scented flowers were invariably used to hide the odour of decay in the days when the dead were laid out, often several days, in private houses before burial" [[ 14 ]:101] see also [[ 4 ]:189] concerning Wales, [[ 15 ]:428] for England and [[ 16 ]:47] for ancient Greece, Rome and Arabia). In Iraq and Iran the Christian sect of the Mandaeans used to smell sweet smelling flowers "so that the smell of death shall not reach them" [[ 17 ]:183].…”

A szőlő ökológiai és környezetvédelmi szerepe lakott területeken

“…Az ókori arab kertekben megjelenik a borostyán, a babér, a mirtusz mellett a szőlő is. Szerintük a kertek építése, növényvilága összekapcsolódik az irodalommal [6]. Számos római kertben a XVI.…”

Gärten und gestaltete Landschaft als irdisches Paradies: Gärten im westlichen Islam

“…1), aber oft verschmilzt er mit ihm zum Zentrum des Hauses (Fig. 2) Prieto Moreno 1952, G. Malaie 1957J. Dickie 1968und 1976, ICOMOS 1973(1976: siehe hier vor allem die Aufsätze von A.…”

“…53 ) So J. Dickie, 1968, S/238, auch G. Malaie, 1957 ) Zu diesem Thema vor allem J. Dickie, 1968Dickie, und 1976J. Bermudez Pareja 1965, S. 9-39 und 1969A.…”