The high concentration of progesterone is harmful for endometrial receptivity and decidualization

Abstract

Progesterone is required for the establishment and maintenance of mammalian pregnancy and widely used for conservative treatment of luteal phase deficiency in clinics. However, there are limited solid evidences available for the optimal timing and dose of progesterone therapy, especially for the possible adverse effects on implantation and decidualization when progesterone is administrated empirically. In our study, mouse models were used to examine effects of excess progesterone on embryo implantation and decidualization. Our data indicate that excess progesterone is not only harmful for mouse implantation, but also impairs mouse decidualization. In excess progesterone-treated mice, the impaired LIF/STAT3 pathway and dysregulated endoplasmic reticulum stress may lead to the inhibition of embryo implantation and decidualization. It is possible that the decrease in birth weight of excess progesterone-treated mice is due to a compromised embryo implantation and decidualization. Furthermore, excess progesterone compromises in vitro decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells.

Oncostatin M expression in the mouse uterus during early pregnancy promotes embryo implantation and decidualization

“…Immunohistochemistry was conducted as described previously [15]. In brief, paraffin sections were deparaffinized and rehydrated.…”

Expression of proteins related to thyroid hormone function in the uterus is down‐regulated at the day of implantation in hypothyroid pregnant rats

“…In brief, whole uteri were smashed in a liquid nitrogen and were then Thyroid hormone and embryo implantation N. Salleh et al placed immediately in PRO-PREP extraction solution (Intron, Seoul, South Korea). GAPDH (sc-25778) was used as a loading control in view that its level in the uterus was not affected by the changing levels of sexsteroids (Liang et al, 2018). After mixing with a loading dye, 35 mg proteins were loaded onto 12% SDS-PAGE gel.…”

“…The antibody dilution was 1:1000. GAPDH (sc-25778) was used as a loading control in view that its level in the uterus was not affected by the changing levels of sexsteroids (Liang et al, 2018). The membranes were washed three times in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 5 min each, and were then incubated with horseradish peroxidase conjugated secondary antibody (Santa Cruz, USA), at a dilution of 1:5000, for 1 h. In order to visualize the protein bands, membranes were washed and subjected to Opti-4CN TM Substrate Kit (Bio-Rad).…”

Gestational age-specific normative values and determinants of serum progesterone through the first trimester of pregnancy

“…Many studies have reported a signi cantly higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with low serum progesterone during pregnancy (2)(3)(4)(5). Excess serum progesterone, on the other hand, was reported to signi cantly suppress expression levels of decidualization markers in a dose-dependent manner and compromise embryo decidualization (6).…”