The hemodynamic response of the conscious pregnant guinea pig to nicotine

Tomasi, A; Lee, Halin; Myers, Stephen

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(87)90379-6

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Blood flow to the stomach decreased consistently in all groups in the present study although statistically significant only for group A and D. These findings are in line with results obtained in the anaesthetized rabbit (Neutze et al 1968) and in the conscious rat (Tsuchiya et al 1978, Ishise et al 1980. This effect is not likely to be due to progressive plugging of capillaries since the decrease was not more pronounced in group D. In addition, in the study of Tsuchiya et al (1978) profound reductions of stomach blood flow was seen despite the use of very moderate amounts of injected spheres (20 000 injection-'). A possible explanation to the reduction in stomach blood flow, as well as the decrease in blood flow to the colon in the awake group, could be an enhanced sympathetic nerve activity to selective parts of the gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The microsphere technique in anaesthetized and awake pregnant guinea‐pigs: reproducibility of repeated blood flow measurements

Jansson

1991

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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Repeated microsphere injections are extensively employed for measurements of uteroplacental blood flows in experimental animals. However, this technique has not been systematically validated in pregnancy. In the present series of experiments the effects of three consecutive microsphere injections on central haemodynamics and regional blood flows were studied in 43 late pregnant guinea-pigs. In group A (n = 13) experiments were carried out in the awake chronically catheterized animal. In group B (n = 8) animals were studied under anaesthesia. In two additional anaesthetized groups reference withdrawal rate (C, n = 7) and the amount of injected spheres (D, n = 7) were increased 2-3 fold. Cardiac output, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate as well as regional blood flows to placenta, ovaries, kidneys, heart, liver and carcass remained unaltered in all protocols. Myoendometrial blood flow increased in group A and C and a similar pattern could be demonstrated in group B and D but was not statistically significant. Adrenal blood flow was enhanced in groups A and C and brain blood flow increased in group C and D. The gastrointestinal tract especially the stomach was sensitive to repeated microsphere injections since blood flow reductions were apparent in all groups but were statistically significant only for groups A and D. In group E (n = 8), the three microsphere labels were injected simultaneously. The coefficients of variability for these blood flow measurements were in the range of 3.6-6.8% for different organs. It is concluded that repeated microsphere injection in an ideal method to measure placental blood flow. However, the technique may provide inaccurate results with respect to the myoendometrium and gastrointestinal tract.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The microsphere technique in anaesthetized and awake pregnant guinea‐pigs: reproducibility of repeated blood flow measurements

Jansson

1991

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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“…The effects of changes induced by nicotine on fetal physiology are not completely understood, mainly because of the conflicting results obtained in different species [8,11,14]. An increase in umbilical artery systolic/diastolic ratios was found in humans in response to maternal smoking, suggesting an increase in placental vascular resistance; however, no changes were observed in the uterine arteries systolic/diastolic ratios [9].…”

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Acute effects of maternal cigarette smoking on fetal heart rate and fetal body movements felt by the mother

Graça¹,

Cardoso²,

Clode³

et al. 1991

Jpme

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Acute effects of maternal cigarette smoking on fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal body movements felt by the mother (FM) were studied in 51 pregnant volunteers. Thirty four were chronic smokers (6 or more cigarettes per day, with an average of 14 cigarettes/day) and 17 were sporadic smokers (1 to 5 cigarettes per day, with an averaged of 3 cigarettes/day). In both groups the number of FM, fetal reactivity and short-term FHR variability decreased significantly in the 20 minutes following cigarette smoking; a sustained FHR rise of 10 or more beats/min was also found after the cigarette in more than 50% of the cases in the 2 groups. No statistically significant differences were found among the 2 groups when the post-cigarette data were compared. We conclude that maternal cigarette smoking produces important acute effects upon FM and FHR regardless the average daily number of cigarettes smoked by the mother.

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Maternal cigarette smoking: The effects on umbilical and uterine blood flow velocity

Morrow

Ritchie

Bull

1988

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

132

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The hemodynamic response of the conscious pregnant guinea pig to nicotine

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

The microsphere technique in anaesthetized and awake pregnant guinea‐pigs: reproducibility of repeated blood flow measurements

The microsphere technique in anaesthetized and awake pregnant guinea‐pigs: reproducibility of repeated blood flow measurements

Acute effects of maternal cigarette smoking on fetal heart rate and fetal body movements felt by the mother

Maternal cigarette smoking: The effects on umbilical and uterine blood flow velocity

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