The Heidelberg foot measurement method: Development, description and assessment

Simon, Joachim; Doederlein, L.; McIntosh, Andrew S.; Metaxiotis, Dimitrios; Bock, H.G.; Wolf, Sebastian I.

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.07.003

Cited by 192 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In the control group, the motion pattern of the hallux in the sagittal plane showed good face validity compared with data from other studies [19][20][21]. The best comparison was found with the data provided by Canseco et al [21] and Simon and co-workers [9].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Kinematic analysis of the foot has been challenging for many years, partially because of technological limitations and also due to the intrinsic complexity of the foot [16]. However, over the last decades several research groups have been able to develop three-dimensional multi-segment foot models (3-DMFM) [16][17][18][19][20]. This approach is thought to enhance the biomechanical understanding of the foot as it allows measuring the kinematical Gait & Posture 32 (2010) [102][103][104][105][106] Background: Hallux valgus is a very common foot deformity in modern societies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of hallux valgus on foot kinematics: A cross-sectional, comparative study

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of hallux valgus on foot kinematics: A cross-sectional, comparative study

et al. 2010

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“…Indeed, motion on the lateral arch of the foot (calcaneus-cuboid-fifth metatarsal) has been shown to equal that of the more commonly reported medial arch [8,16] and thus warrants separate reporting. However, to date kinematic data for separate medial and lateral forefoot segments is limited to small samples (n < 12) [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement of the human foot in 100 pain free individuals aged 18¿45: implications for understanding normal foot function

Nester

Jarvis

Jones

et al. 2014

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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Background: Understanding motion in the normal healthy foot is a prerequisite for understanding the effects of pathology and thereafter setting targets for interventions. Quality foot kinematic data from healthy feet will also assist the development of high quality and research based clinical models of foot biomechanics. To address gaps in the current literature we aimed to describe 3D foot kinematics using a 5 segment foot model in a population of 100 pain free individuals. Methods: Kinematics of the leg, calcaneus, midfoot, medial and lateral forefoot and hallux were measured in 100 self reported healthy and pain free individuals during walking. Descriptive statistics were used to characterise foot movements. Contributions from different foot segments to the total motion in each plane were also derived to explore functional roles of different parts of the foot.Results: Foot segments demonstrated greatest motion in the sagittal plane, but large ranges of movement in all planes. All foot segments demonstrated movement throughout gait, though least motion was observed between the midfoot and calcaneus. There was inconsistent evidence of movement coupling between joints. There were clear differences in motion data compared to foot segment models reported in the literature. Conclusions:The data reveal the foot is a multiarticular structure, movements are complex, show incomplete evidence of coupling, and vary person to person. The data provide a useful reference data set against which future experimental data can be compared and may provide the basis for conceptual models of foot function based on data rather than anecdotal observations.

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“…17 Dysfunction of the first ray affects load transmission to the forefoot, possibly leading to mechanical breakdown of the bony structures and pathological conditions. 18-21 Moreover, the rearfoot, the midfoot, the first ray, and the hallux must be included to evaluate the windlass mechanism.Second, the proposed model does not require an extra reference frame to define the neutral reference position as described elsewhere, 6,7,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28] positioning of the subtalar joint (STJ) in neutral, 29,30 or X-rays to define neutral. 3,[31][32][33][34] These techniques are complex and time consuming and in some applications expose the patient to ionizing radiation.…”

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confidence: 99%

A clinically applicable six‐segmented foot model

Mits

Segers

Woodburn

et al. 2011

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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We describe a multi-segmented foot model comprising lower leg, rearfoot, midfoot, lateral forefoot, medial forefoot, and hallux for routine use in a clinical setting. The Ghent Foot Model describes the kinematic patterns of functional units of the foot, especially the midfoot, to investigate patient populations where midfoot deformation or dysfunction is an important feature, for example, rheumatoid arthritis patients. Data were obtained from surface markers by a 6 camera motion capture system at 500 Hz. Ten healthy subjects walked barefoot along a 12 m walkway at self-selected speed. Joint angles (rearfoot to shank, midfoot to rearfoot, lateral and medial forefoot to midfoot, and hallux to medial forefoot) in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane are reported according to anatomically based reference frames. These angles were calculated and reported during the foot rollover phases in stance, detected by synchronized plantar pressure measurements. Repeated measurements of each subject revealed low intra-subject variability, varying between 0.78 and 2.38 for the minimum values, between 0.58 and 2.18 for the maximum values, and between 0.88 and 5.88 for the ROM. The described movement patterns were repeatable and consistent with biomechanical and clinical knowledge. As such, the Ghent Foot model permits intersegment, in vivo motion measurement of the foot, which is crucial for both clinical and research applications. Keywords: multi-segment foot model; foot and ankle kinematics; gait analysis; Ghent Foot Model Multi-segmented foot models can provide better insight into foot kinematics (and to a less extent segmental foot kinetics) during gait than single segments models. Clinically, they are used to describe and analyze functional characteristics associated with foot impairments. A number of multi-segmented foot models, using either bone pins or surface markers, have been proposed. They vary according to the number of segments and functional unit definition, in the methods of calculating intersegment angles, and in the definition of the neutral foot reference position. 1,2The need exists for a clinically relevant, user-friendly multi-segment foot model that would include the lower leg, hindfoot, midfoot, medial and lateral forefoot, and the hallux, with wide utility to investigate single joint/segment joint dysfunction through to complex foot deformities. Models with <5 segments often can not describe whole foot kinematics. [3][4][5][6][7] In contrast, those with nine segments 8 are not always easily applicable in clinical settings. To our knowledge and based upon a recent review, 2 no such model is currently available.There are two main reasons why a 6 segment model is clinically relevant. First, these segments are examined clinically by physical therapists and podiatrists. The medial arch, formed by the rearfoot (talus), the medial part of the midfoot, and the first ray, plays an important role in foot function during weight bearing activities. 9 Different arch configurations are an intrinsic ris...

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The Heidelberg foot measurement method: Development, description and assessment

Cited by 192 publications

References 17 publications

The impact of hallux valgus on foot kinematics: A cross-sectional, comparative study

The impact of hallux valgus on foot kinematics: A cross-sectional, comparative study

Movement of the human foot in 100 pain free individuals aged 18¿45: implications for understanding normal foot function

A clinically applicable six‐segmented foot model

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