The haemodynamic demand and the attributes related to the displacement of the soccer referees in the moments of decision / intervention during the matches

Silva, L. Lima e; Neves, Eduardo Borba; Silva, J.; Santos, Luciano Alonso Valente dos; Vale, Rodrigo Gomes de Souza; Nunes, Rogean Rodrigues

doi:10.1080/24748668.2020.1736937

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The best proof of this is the research done by 2,3,4 . In their study 1 and his colleagues determined that the average distance of the referees in the matches was 9438 ± 707m, 3 11376 ± 1600 m, and 4 10714 m. Football referees are also subject to training programs like football players. The institution that designs these trainings is the training responsible for the International Football Federation Association (FIFA) and related federations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In football, which is one of the most active sports branches in the world, some wrong decisions of the referees prevent the matches. These wrong decisions are made by the referees, perhaps in moments of high physical fatigue 1 . Besides, high performance is expected in the matches they direct from spectators, coaches, footballers, or clubs, and this expectation creates serious stress on the referees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Different Training Strategies Applied to Football Referees On Maxvo2 and Running Performance

Baydemir¹,

Yurdakul²,

Aksoy³

2021

PJMHS

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Aim: In this study, the effects of high-intensity interval training and sprint training on amateur football referees running performances expressed by the FIFA Athletic Test, Cooper Test and MAXVO2 were investigated. Methods: Football referees average age (23.88±2.10); average height (181.16±1.99) cm; body weight (74.42±2.46) kg and body mass index (22.66±.62) kg/m2 calculated. They were applied high-intensity interval training and speed training 3 days a week for 16 weeks. FIFA Athletic Test and Cooper Test were applied in the pre-test and post-test to see the effect of the training process on the referees. SPSS package program was used to analyze the data. "Paired Sample t-Test" was used for the normally distributed data, and the "Wilcoxon Signed Rows Test", which is a nonparametric test, for non-normally distributed data, and the effect size was calculated. The results were evaluated according to the significance level "0.01" and "0.05". Results: When the FIFA Athletic Test, Cooper Test, body weight, and BMI pre-test and post-test values were compared in football referees, a statistically significant difference was found between the first measurement and the second measurement (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was observed that the training sessions had a positive effect on amateur football referees' running performances expressed by FIFA Athletic Test and Cooper Test and MAXVO2. This training program is recommended for the improvement of the degree-based running performances of amateur football referees. Keywords: Football referee, training, high-intensity interval running

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Different Training Strategies Applied to Football Referees On Maxvo2 and Running Performance

Baydemir¹,

Yurdakul²,

Aksoy³

2021

PJMHS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…While male and female athletes are roughly numerically equal, the referees are mostly male at a professional, local and national level. Nevertheless, football referees of both sexes train for the same time during pre‐ season (7.5 ± 3.1 vs 7.1 ± 3.4 h/week, female vs male) and in‐ season (6.0 ± 2.9 vs 6.1 ± 2.4 h/week, female vs male) (Bizzini et al, 2012 ; Lima e Silva et al, 2019 ). In the only study addressing the match performances of female referees, a total distance of 9.6–10.5 km was covered, with only 1300 m performed at high intensity that represented 13% of match's total distance compared with the corresponding 26–58% observed in male referees (Castagna et al, 2007 ) was reported (Mallo et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of training on plasmatic cortisol and testosterone in football female referees

Muscella

Selmi

et al. 2022

Physiological Reports

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There is very little about the impact that sports training has on female football referees. Therefore, we determined the effects of a 40-week physical preparation, including a full football season, on plasma testosterone and cortisol concentrations and physical performance in female football referees. Plasma cortisol and testosterone concentrations were assayed together with fitness tests at the beginning of the training period (T0, in September), after 8 weeks from T0 (T1), at the mid of the season (T2, 24 weeks after T0), and at the end of the season (T3, in June, 40 weeks after T0). Plasma cortisol increased during the first period and up to T2 (from 15.4 ± 4.7 to 28.5 ± 3.9 µg/dl; p < 0.001), and then decreased at the end of the season (T3: 16.0 ± 2.4 µg/dl). Plasma testosterone concentration in T0 was 14.2±0.37 µg/dl and increased in T1 (57.1 ± 3.7 µg/dl) and T2 (47 ± 3.7 µg/dl) and then decreased in T3 (33.5 ± 2.8 µg/dl). Resting testosterone levels in women were very low (14,2 ± 0.37 µg/dl) (Figure 3c). Testosterone increased in T1 (57.1 ± 3.7 µg/dl) and T2 (47 ± 3.7 µg/dl) whilst, at the end of the season, its concentration decreased (33.5 ± 2.8 µg/dl) (Figure 3c). Significant improvements were observed in all physical performances during the observed period (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Finally, testosterone and cortisol concentrations significantly (p < 0.0001 for both) correlated with maximal oxygen consumption. In T1, testosterone concentration was also significantly correlated with running speed test (p < 0.001). In conclusion, training induces endocrine changes in order to maintain body homeostasis in women referees. It is important that coaches and sports scientists regularly observe changes in endocrine function induced by training and matches in female referees, because they can help maximize referees' performance and limit cases of overtraining.

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The reproducibility of the 1hz gps in the aciclic displacement with intermittent intensity

Silva

Neves

Santos

et al. 2020

archmed

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Objective: the aim of this study was to verify the reproducibility index of the frequency meter with GPS technology with recording speed of 1Hz in acyclic displacement and intermittent intensity, performed by soccer referees. Materials and methods: it was characterized by a field study with a quantitative trait involving 14 men, aged 20.42 ± 2.78 years, from a barracks in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Polar heart rate monitor with 1Hz GPS model V800 was used. The protocol used was adapted from the FIFA test protocol for soccer referees, so that 10 "shots" of 75m in 15s were accomplished by 25m in 20 of recovery. Testing and retest were applied with 7 days interval and identical protocols: heating, ambiance (4 "shots" following the model of the protocol above) and then the test. Since the circuit covered in the test protocol was 1000 m.Results: a mean of 1002.5 ± 17.12 m was obtained in the test and in the test 1010.83± 32.88 m, the coefficients of variation were respectively 1% and 3%. The difference wasnot significant between the test and the retest (P-value> 0.05), and the intraclasscorrelation coefficient indicated a moderate association between the measures.Conclusion: therefore, it is suggested that it is acceptable to use a frequency gauge with a recording speed of 1Hz to monitor displacements of soccer referees in acyclic displacement and intermittent intensity.

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The haemodynamic demand and the attributes related to the displacement of the soccer referees in the moments of decision / intervention during the matches

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

The Effect of Different Training Strategies Applied to Football Referees On Maxvo2 and Running Performance

The Effect of Different Training Strategies Applied to Football Referees On Maxvo2 and Running Performance

Effects of training on plasmatic cortisol and testosterone in football female referees

The reproducibility of the 1hz gps in the aciclic displacement with intermittent intensity

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