Background and Study Aim. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of metabolic stress created by 6-week football training applied in the pre-season period on circulation and hematological parameters of well-trained male football players.  Material and Methods. Fourteen male football players who competed in the U19 category of a football team in Turkish Football Super League participated in the study voluntarily. In the study, players’ systolic - diastolic blood pressures and resting heart rates were measured and their blood samples were taken before and after the 6-week training period. Laboratory analysis was made to determine counts and concentration percentage of erythrocyte, leukocyte, and platelet sub-parameters. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was performed to determine the difference between pre and post measurements. Results. Our findings indicated that baseline mean values of lymphocyte, mean cell hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher than posttest mean values. The mean of diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate measured before the preseason training camp were lower than their posttest mean values (p > .05). Conclusion. It is thought that the decrease in the mean values of diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate caused by the effect of regular training during the preseason training period, while the increase in the mean values of mean cell haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration caused by the increased oxygen demand of the metabolism during the training period.  

Background and Study Aim. The current study was carried out to analyze the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the emotional state and nutritional behavior of university athletes. Material and Methods. This research was carried out during the first wave of COVID-19 in Turkey. A total of 334 (162 female and 172 male) athletes who are undergraduate students in the faculties of sports sciences of universities participated in the study. Their mean age was 21.46 ± 3.7. The Emotional Eating Scale (EES) was used to determine the nutritional behavior of the participants and The Profile of Mood States (POMS) scale was used to determine their emotional state. The Chi-square and Cross-tabulation tests were used for the statistical analysis of categorical variables. Mann Whitney U test was used for the analysis of continuous variables, and Spearman Sequence Correlation test protocols were used for correlation analysis. Results. The results of the statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant increase in the amount of fluid consumption of elite athletes. There was a significant relationship between negative mood and emotional eating sub-assessment (p <0.05). However, it was found that there was no significant difference between total and subscale scores of amateur and elite athletes (p >0.05). Conclusion. As a result of the research, it was seen that elite and amateur athletes did not have a significant difference in emotional eating and mood status, except for the amount of fluid consumption. The increase in negative emotions of university athletes is an important factor that increased their emotional eating behavior.

The aim of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the physical ego of children between the age of 11-13 considering the levels of physical activity and physical perception. According to results of 2010-2011 Çanakkale National Education Questionnaire; 11 schools which have high and low economic status were randomly selected. To determine the reason of the differences between groups, Post-hoc Bonferroni test was used when the variances were homogenous and Dunnett’s T3 test was used when the variances were not homogenous for the each independent variable. Pearson Correlation was used in order to find relationship between the independent groups. Alpha level was set to 0.05 for all calculations. According to the main findings of the research, it was found that the levels of physical activity, physical self description and self confidence of students differentiated in terms of gender and socioeconomic levels of the students. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.  ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı fiziksel benliği etkileyen faktörlerin 11-13 yaş çocuklarda fiziksel aktivite ve fiziksel algılama düzeyine göre inceleyerek sosyo-ekonomik düzeyin fiziksel aktivite ve fiziksel uygunluk düzeyine etkisini ortaya koymaktır. 2010-2011 Çanakkale İl Milli Eğitim veli anket sonuçları çerçevesinde alt ve üst gelir grubuna sahip okullardan; merkezden ve ilçelerden rastgele 11 okul seçilmiştir. Gruplar arasındaki anlamlı farklılığın nedenini belirlemek için de her bir bağımsız değişken adına varyansların homojen olduğu durumlarda çoklu karşılaştırma testlerinden Post-hoc Bonferroni testi, varyansların homojen olmadığı durumlarda ise Dunnett’s T3 testi uygulanmıştır. Bağımsız gruplar arasındaki ilişki için Pearson Mometler çarpım korelasyonu uygulanmış, tüm istatistik hesaplamalarda anlamlılık düzeyi 0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; 11-13 yaş çocuklarda fiziksel aktivite, kendini fiziksel tanımlama ve benlik saygısı düzeyleri, cinsiyete ve sosyo-ekonomik düzeye göre farklılaşmaların olduğu saptanmıştır.

The aim of this study is to examine whether there was a relationship between digit ratio (2D:4D) with anaerobic power and athletic performance of young athletes. Two hundred and fifty well-trained young male athletes were recruited as participants. Anthropometric measurements (body height, weight, and digit length) vertical jump and athletic ability tests were performed on each participant, for data analysis, correlation analysis was used. Data analyses indicated that the means of 2D:4D ratio was not correlated with BMI, anaerobic power and athletic ability scores (p < .05). According to the findings of this study, the 2D:4D ratio does not seem to be an indicator parameter to predict the physical performance and athletic abilities of young athletes.

Background and Study Aim. ln this academic research, it was aimed to compare the physical activity and skinfold thickness of the students living in the city center and rural areas. Material and Methods. 89 students attending the 6th grade level, whose total age is 12 years old, residing in the city center and rural areas of Çanakkale participated in the study. Students were examined with SenseWear armband bmi, total energy consumption, daily step count, met, active energy consumption, physical activity time, reach time and sleep times. Body mass index was determined with Holtain Skinfold Caliper. For the analysis of the dataset, the Independent Sample t test was utilized to examine the difference between the students' physical activity levels and skin fold thickness.  Then, the relevance between physical activity level and skinfold thickness was examined for pearson correlation. Significance value p<.05 and p<.01were accepted. Results. ln accordance with the data obtained with SenseWear Armband, it has been determined that a statistically substantial amount of difference between BMI total energy consumption und daily step number of students living in rural and city centers is present. According to the results of skin fold thickness measurements made with skinfold calipers, there was a significant difference in triceps, subscapular, abdominal, suprailiac and femur regions (p<.05). Conclusion. As a result of the research, it is concluded that students studying in the city center have less physical activity level than students living in the rural area.

Aim: In this study, the effects of high-intensity interval training and sprint training on amateur football referees running performances expressed by the FIFA Athletic Test, Cooper Test and MAXVO2 were investigated. Methods: Football referees average age (23.88±2.10); average height (181.16±1.99) cm; body weight (74.42±2.46) kg and body mass index (22.66±.62) kg/m2 calculated. They were applied high-intensity interval training and speed training 3 days a week for 16 weeks. FIFA Athletic Test and Cooper Test were applied in the pre-test and post-test to see the effect of the training process on the referees. SPSS package program was used to analyze the data. "Paired Sample t-Test" was used for the normally distributed data, and the "Wilcoxon Signed Rows Test", which is a nonparametric test, for non-normally distributed data, and the effect size was calculated. The results were evaluated according to the significance level "0.01" and "0.05". Results: When the FIFA Athletic Test, Cooper Test, body weight, and BMI pre-test and post-test values were compared in football referees, a statistically significant difference was found between the first measurement and the second measurement (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was observed that the training sessions had a positive effect on amateur football referees' running performances expressed by FIFA Athletic Test and Cooper Test and MAXVO2. This training program is recommended for the improvement of the degree-based running performances of amateur football referees. Keywords: Football referee, training, high-intensity interval running

Aim: In this study, the effects of high-intensity interval training and sprint training on amateur football referees running performances expressed by the FIFA Athletic Test, Cooper Test and MAXVO2 were investigated. Methods: Football referees average age (23.88±2.10); average height (181.16±1.99) cm; body weight (74.42±2.46) kg and body mass index (22.66±.62) kg/m2 calculated. They were applied high-intensity interval training and speed training 3 days a week for 16 weeks. FIFA Athletic Test and Cooper Test were applied in the pre-test and post-test to see the effect of the training process on the referees. SPSS package program was used to analyze the data. "Paired Sample t-Test" was used for the normally distributed data, and the "Wilcoxon Signed Rows Test", which is a nonparametric test, for non-normally distributed data, and the effect size was calculated. The results were evaluated according to the significance level "0.01" and "0.05". Results: When the FIFA Athletic Test, Cooper Test, body weight, and BMI pre-test and post-test values were compared in football referees, a statistically significant difference was found between the first measurement and the second measurement (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was observed that the training sessions had a positive effect on amateur football referees' running performances expressed by FIFA Athletic Test and Cooper Test and MAXVO2. This training program is recommended for the improvement of the degree-based running performances of amateur football referees. Keywords: Football referee, training, high-intensity interval running

Araştırma, 14-16 yaş amatör futbolcularda hız, çabukluk ve çeviklik parametrelerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Çanakkale amatör ligde mücadele eden Hastanebayırı Spor, Arslanca Spor ve Çanakkale Barbaros Spor oluşturdu.